美国总统就职典礼的历史变迁
📖 逐句对照翻译
On January 20, the United States president is sworn into office in Washington D.C.
1月20日，美国总统在华盛顿特区宣誓就职。
The inauguration is an important ceremony that officially marks the start of an administration.
就职典礼是一项重要仪式，正式标志着一届政府的开始。
As part of the event, the incoming president speaks to the nation and announces U.S. policy goals.
作为活动的一部分，即将上任的总统向全国发表讲话，并宣布美国的政策目标。
This year, expanded security measures will stretch across much of Washington.
今年，扩大的安全措施将覆盖华盛顿的大部分地区。
The city’s mayor, Muriel Bowser, announced major street closures and special transportation measures to increase security during inauguration events.
该市市长穆里尔·鲍泽宣布了主要街道封闭和特别交通措施，以加强就职活动期间的安保。
The Associated Press reports Washington D.C.’s National Guard will deploy 7,800 soldiers to help with security.
美联社报道，华盛顿特区国民警卫队将部署7800名士兵协助安保工作。
The Secret Service is reportedly under additional pressure because of two attempts on the life of incoming President Donald Trump last year.
据报道，由于去年针对即将上任的总统唐纳德·特朗普的两次暗杀企图，特勤局正面临额外压力。
In one of those attempts, Trump received minor injuries.
在其中一次尝试中，特朗普受了轻伤。
The Library of Congress has saved many historical documents and objects from past ceremonies.
美国国会图书馆保存了许多历届典礼的历史文件和物品。
Here are some facts and firsts about U.S. presidential inaugurations:
以下是关于美国总统就职典礼的一些事实和首次：
Inaugural firsts:
就职典礼上的首次：
George Washington did not take the oath to become the first U.S. president in January nor was the event held in Washinton, D.C. His first inaugural address was given to a joint session of Congress gathered in Federal Hall in New York City, on April 30, 1789.
乔治·华盛顿并非在1月宣誓就任美国首任总统，仪式也不在华盛顿特区举行。他的首次就职演说是在1789年4月30日，于纽约市联邦大厅向国会两院联席会议发表的。
New York City was the nation’s first capital.
纽约市曾是美国的第一个首都。
Washington began a tradition that stood for many years of kissing The Bible after taking the oath of office.
华盛顿开创了在宣誓就职后亲吻《圣经》的传统，这一传统延续了许多年。
The Museum of the Bible says on its website that four other presidents – Warren Harding,
圣经博物馆在其网站上表示，另外四位总统——沃伦·哈定，
Dwight Eisenhower, Jimmy Carter and George H. W. Bush – used Washington’s Bible in their ceremonies.
德怀特·艾森豪威尔、吉米·卡特和乔治·H·W·布什在各自的仪式中使用了华盛顿的圣经。
Bush had hoped to use Washington’s Bible for his first inauguration in 2001, but weather delayed shipping so he ended up using a family Bible instead.
布什曾希望在2001年首次就职典礼上使用华盛顿的圣经，但因天气原因导致运送延误，最终他改用了家族圣经。
Washington’s second inaugural address set another mark: it was the shortest at 135 words.
华盛顿的第二次就职演说创下了另一项纪录：它以135个单词成为最短的就职演说。
For 144 years, the inauguration was not held in the winter, but mostly in March.
144年来，就职典礼并非在冬季举行，而大多是在3月。
John Adams, the nation’s second president, was the first to receive the oath from the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
约翰·亚当斯，美国的第二任总统，是第一位从美国最高法院首席大法官手中接过就职誓言的总统。
His swearing in took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the nation’s second capital.
他的宣誓就职仪式在宾夕法尼亚州的费城举行，那里是美国的第二个首都。
Thomas Jefferson was the first president to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C. He walked to and from the ceremony instead of riding in a carriage.
托马斯·杰斐逊是第一位在华盛顿特区宣誓就职的总统。他步行往返于就职典礼，而不是乘坐马车。
The U.S. Marine Band played at the event for the first time and has done so in every ceremony since.
美国海军陆战队军乐团首次在该活动中演奏，此后每届仪式上都有他们的演出。
In 1825, John Quincy Adams, son of John Adams, broke with tradition.
1825年，约翰·昆西·亚当斯，约翰·亚当斯之子，打破了传统。
He was the first president to long wear pants instead of traditional shorter pants with stockings.
他是第一位长期穿长裤而非传统短裤配长袜的总统。
The man who replaced Adams, Andrew Jackson, was the first to receive the oath on the East Portico of the Capitol Building.
接替亚当斯的人，安德鲁·杰克逊，是第一个在国会大厦东门廊宣誓就职的总统。
John Quincy Adams refused to attend.
约翰·昆西·亚当斯拒绝出席。
In 1837, Martin Van Buren was the first of a new generation of presidents to not have British ancestry.
1837年，马丁·范布伦成为新一代总统中首位没有英国血统的总统。
His parents were Dutch and he was born a citizen of the United States.
他的父母是荷兰人，而他出生时就是美国公民。
William Henry Harrison set an unhappy first: On Inauguration Day in 1841, he gave the longest-ever speech without wearing warm clothes.
威廉·亨利·哈里森开创了一个不幸的先例：1841年就职典礼当天，他穿着单薄，发表了史上最长的演讲。
He became sick and died weeks into his term.
他在上任几周后就生病去世了。
Abraham Lincoln gave his first inaugural speech surrounded by heavy security as the nation neared war between the North and South.
亚伯拉罕·林肯在严密的安全保卫下发表了首次就职演说，当时国家正濒临南北战争。
His second address, in 1865, was shortly after the end of the U.S. Civil War.
他的第二次演讲是在1865年，正值美国内战结束后不久。
He urged Americans “With malice towards none; with charity for all” to “bind up the nation’s wounds.”
他呼吁美国人“对任何人都不怀恶意，对所有人都心存宽厚”，以“包扎国家的创伤”。
In 2009 and 2013, Barrack Obama took his oath on Lincoln’s Bible.
2009年和2013年，巴拉克·奥巴马都是手按林肯的《圣经》宣誓就职的。
In 1909, William Howard Taft’s inauguration was notable for taking place inside the Senate Chamber because of a huge snowstorm.
1909年，威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱的就职典礼因一场巨大的暴风雪而在参议院会议厅内举行，这一点引人注目。
It took about 6,000 men to clear snow for the parade.
清理游行路线的积雪动用了大约6000人。
The inaugural ceremony of Calvin Coolidge in 1925 was the first to be broadcast on radio.
1925年卡尔文·柯立芝的就职典礼首次通过无线电广播。
And the first president to have a televised inaugural ceremony was Harry Truman in 1949.
而1949年哈里·杜鲁门则是首位就职典礼通过电视转播的总统。
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s second inauguration was the first to take place on January 20th.
富兰克林·D·罗斯福的第二次就职典礼是首次在1月20日举行的。
The 20th Amendment to the Constitution moved the event’s date because of improved transportation methods.
由于交通方式的改善，宪法第20修正案更改了该活动的日期。
In 1953, Dwight Eisenhower broke the tradition of kissing The Bible and instead gave a prayer.
1953年，德怀特·艾森豪威尔打破了亲吻圣经的传统，而是做了一次祈祷。
Robert Frost was the first poet to every speak at an inaugural event.
罗伯特·弗罗斯特是第一位在总统就职典礼上朗诵诗歌的诗人。
Frost recited his poem The Gift Outright for John Kennedy’s 1961 swearing-in.
弗罗斯特在1961年约翰·肯尼迪的就职典礼上朗诵了他的诗作《彻底的礼物》。
Kennedy was the first Roman Catholic president.
肯尼迪是第一位罗马天主教总统。
Joe Biden was the second.
乔·拜登是第二个。
After Jimmy Carter’s inauguration, he and first lady Rosalynn Carter walked down Washington D.C.’s Pennsylvania Avenue to the White House instead of riding inside a car.
吉米·卡特就职后，他和第一夫人罗莎琳·卡特没有乘车，而是沿着华盛顿特区的宾夕法尼亚大道步行前往白宫。
Ronald Reagan’s inaugurations set two marks that may also never be equaled.
罗纳德·里根的就职典礼创下了两项可能也永远不会被平分的记录。
At noon on Reagan’s first inauguration, the temperature was nearly 13 degrees Celsius.
里根首次就职典礼当天中午，气温接近13摄氏度。
That was the warmest Inauguration Day ever.
那是有史以来最温暖的总统就职日。
Then, on his second in January 1985, the temperature was nearly minus 14 degrees Celsius – the coldest day ever for the event.
然后，在1985年1月的第二次活动中，气温接近零下14摄氏度——这是该活动有史以来最冷的一天。
This year, January 20 will mark only the second time a U.S. president has been inaugurated for a second term that did not follow the first.
今年1月20日将只是美国历史上第二次出现总统非连续两次当选就职的情况。
Donald Trump first took the oath of office in 2017.
唐纳德·特朗普于2017年首次宣誓就职。
He joins Grover Cleveland, who was inaugurated in 1885 and 1893.
他加入了格罗弗·克利夫兰的行列，后者分别于1885年和1893年就职。
Cleveland is known as the 22nd and 24th President.
克利夫兰被称为第22任和第24任总统。
Trump is set to be both the 45th and 47th President of the United States.
特朗普即将成为美国第45任和第47任总统。
I’m Mario Ritter, Jr.
我是小马里奥·里特。
And I'm Caty Weaver.
我是凯蒂·韦弗。
Mario Ritter, Jr. adapted this story for VOA Learning English from Library of Congress materials.
小马里奥·里特根据美国国会图书馆的资料为VOA英语学习频道改编了这个故事。
