技术提示：如何通过加密保护通信
📖 逐句对照翻译
U.S. cybersecurity officials are advising people to use encryption in their communications after a major hacking campaign.
美国网络安全官员建议人们在通信中使用加密技术，此前发生了一起重大的黑客攻击事件。
Federal officials released a list of security suggestions for U.S. telecommunications companies that were targeted.
联邦官员公布了一份针对被盯上的美国电信公司的安全建议清单。
The advice includes one suggestion that everyone can use: “Ensure that traffic is end-to-end encrypted to the maximum extent possible.”
该建议包含一条人人都能采纳的意见：“确保流量尽可能实现端到端加密。”
End-to-end encryption, also known as E2EE, means that messages are protected so that only the sender and receiver can see them.
端到端加密，也称为E2EE，意味着信息受到保护，只有发送者和接收者才能看到。
If anyone else gets the message, all they will see is disordered information that cannot be understood without the key.
如果其他人收到了这条消息，他们看到的只会是无法理解的杂乱信息，除非拥有密钥。
Law enforcement officials had until now resisted encryption.
执法官员此前一直抵制加密。
This resistance is because the encryption means the technology companies themselves will not be able to look at the messages.
这种抵制是因为加密意味着科技公司自身也无法查看这些信息。
In addition, the companies will not be able to respond to law enforcement requests to turn the data over.
此外，这些公司将无法响应执法部门要求移交数据的请求。
The Associated Press (AP) recently offered some ways that normal people can use for end-to-end encryption :
美联社最近提供了一些普通人可以使用的端到端加密方法：
Texting
发短信
Officials said the hackers targeted the metadata of a large number of people.
官员们表示，黑客针对的是大量人员的元数据。
That included information on the dates, times and recipients of calls and texts.
其中包括通话和短信的日期、时间及收件人信息。
The hackers also got to see the information from texts from a much smaller number of people.
黑客还看到了来自极少数人短信中的信息。
If you are an iPhone user, information in text messages that you send to someone else who also has an iPhone will be encrypted end-to-end.
如果你是iPhone用户，你发送给同样使用iPhone的人短信中的信息将进行端到端加密。
Look for the blue text bubbles which mean that the messages are encrypted iMessages.
寻找蓝色的文本气泡，这意味着这些信息是加密的iMessages。
The same goes for Android users sending texts through Google Messages.
安卓用户通过谷歌信息发送短信也是如此。
There will be a lock next to the timestamp on each message to show that the encryption is on.
每条消息的时间戳旁边会有一个锁形图标，表示加密已开启。
But there is a weakness.
但存在一个弱点。
When iPhone and Android users text each other, the messages are encrypted only using Rich Communication Services (RCS).
当iPhone和安卓用户互发短信时，消息仅通过富通信服务（RCS）进行加密。
That is a common method for messaging that has replaced the older SMS and MMS methods.
这是一种常见的消息传递方式，已经取代了较旧的短信和彩信方法。
Apple notes that RCS messages “aren’t end-to-end encrypted, which means they’re not protected from a third party reading them while they’re sent between devices.”
苹果指出，RCS消息“并非端到端加密，这意味着它们在设备间传输时，无法防止第三方读取。”
Samsung, which sells Android smartphones, also indirectly described the issue in a small area at the bottom of a press release last month.
销售安卓智能手机的三星也在上个月的一份新闻稿底部一小块区域间接描述了该问题。
Samsung said about RCS, “Encryption only available for Android-to-Android communication.”
三星表示，关于RCS，“加密仅适用于Android到Android的通信。”
Chat apps
聊天应用
To avoid getting caught out when exchanging texts, experts recommend using encrypted messaging apps.
为了避免在交换短信时被抓住把柄，专家建议使用加密的消息应用。
Privacy supporters are big fans of Signal, which uses end-to-end encryption on all messages and voice calls.
隐私支持者是Signal的忠实拥趸，该应用对所有消息和语音通话采用端到端加密。
Signal is an app that is run by an independent nonprofit group based in Mountainview, California.
Signal是由一家位于加州山景城的独立非营利组织运营的应用程序。
It promises never to sell customer data.
它承诺绝不出售客户数据。
The group has also made its source code publicly available so that it can be examined by anyone “for security and correctness.”
该组织还公开了其源代码，以便任何人都能“出于安全性和正确性”的考量进行检查。
Signal’s encryption method is so respected that it has been included into competitor WhatsApp.
Signal的加密方法备受推崇，以至于被竞争对手WhatsApp所采用。
End-to-end encryption is also the normal mode for Facebook Messenger, which like WhatsApp is owned by Meta Platforms.
端到端加密也是Facebook Messenger的常规模式，它与WhatsApp一样，同属Meta Platforms旗下。
What about Telegram?
那Telegram呢？
Telegram is an app that can be used for one-on-one discussions, group chats and broadcast “channels.”
Telegram是一款可用于一对一讨论、群聊和广播“频道”的应用。
But Telegram does not use end-to-end encryption normally.
但Telegram通常不使用端到端加密。
Users have to turn on end-to-end encryption.
用户必须开启端到端加密。
And Telegram’s end-to-end encryption does not work with group chats.
而且Telegram的端到端加密不适用于群聊。
Cybersecurity experts have warned people against using Telegram for private communications.
网络安全专家警告人们不要使用Telegram进行私密通信。
Making calls
打电话
Instead of using your phone to make calls through a wireless cellular network, you can make voice calls with Signal and WhatsApp.
你可以不使用手机通过无线蜂窝网络拨打电话，而是使用Signal和WhatsApp进行语音通话。
Both apps encrypt calls with the same technology that they use to encrypt messages.
这两款应用都使用与加密消息相同的技术来加密通话。
There are other choices.
还有其他选择。
If you have an iPhone, you can use Facetime for calls, while Android owners can use the Google Fi service.
如果你使用的是iPhone，你可以使用FaceTime进行通话，而安卓用户则可以使用Google Fi服务。
Both are end-to-end encrypted.
两者都是端到端加密的。
However, with all these choices, the person on the other end will also have to have the app.
然而，面对这么多选择，对方也必须安装这个应用才行。
WhatsApp and Signal users can choose the privacy setting they want in the settings.
WhatsApp和Signal用户可以在设置中选择他们想要的隐私设置。
Such choices include hiding an IP address during calls to prevent your general location from being guessed.
这些选择包括在通话期间隐藏IP地址，以防他人猜测您的大致位置。
I’m John Russell.
我是约翰·拉塞尔。
Kelvin Chan reported on this story for the Associated Press.
凯尔文·陈为美联社报道了这一事件。
John Russell adapted it for VOA Learning English.
约翰·拉塞尔为VOA英语学习频道改编了它。
