如何在冬季防止病毒传播加剧
📖 逐句对照翻译
Influenza, or the flu, COVID-19, norovirus and the common cold easily spread throughout the winter season.
流感、新冠肺炎、诺如病毒和普通感冒在冬季极易传播。
Knowing what these infections are and how they spread can help us avoid them.
了解这些感染是什么以及它们如何传播，可以帮助我们避免感染。
The Associated Press has listed some things anyone can do to keep healthy and to know more about these infections:
美联社列出了一些任何人都可以做的保持健康以及更多了解这些感染的方法：
Cold, flu, or COVID?
感冒、流感还是新冠？
Some signs, or symptoms, of a cold, the flu, COVID-19 or norovirus are similar.
感冒、流感、COVID-19或诺如病毒的一些体征或症状相似。
This can make it hard to know what is making us sick.
这让我们很难知道是什么让我们生病。
However, some symptoms are unmistakable.
然而，有些症状是明确无误的。
Norovirus spreads through polluted food, water and surfaces, including the skin.
诺如病毒通过受污染的食物、水和物体表面传播，包括皮肤。
The virus causes vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain.
该病毒会引起呕吐、腹泻和胃痛。
The sickness can last for about one to three days.
这种病大约会持续一到三天。
The common cold can be caused by several different kinds of viruses and can include several symptoms.
普通感冒可能由几种不同的病毒引起，并可能包含多种症状。
These include a runny nose, congestion, cough, sneezing, and pain in the throat, head and other parts of the body.
这些症状包括流鼻涕、鼻塞、咳嗽、打喷嚏，以及喉咙、头部和身体其他部位的疼痛。
It can also cause higher than normal body temperature, or a fever.
它也可能导致体温高于正常水平，即发烧。
The common cold usually lasts less than a week.
普通感冒通常持续不到一周。
The flu is caused by influenza viruses that are always changing.
流感是由不断变异的流感病毒引起的。
Infection leads to fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, body aches, headaches and feeling tired.
感染会导致发热、咳嗽、喉咙痛、流鼻涕、身体疼痛、头痛和感到疲倦。
Flu symptoms usually hit more quickly than cold symptoms.
流感症状通常比感冒症状出现得更快。
They can last from a few days to two weeks.
它们可以持续几天到两周不等。
COVID-19 can cause fever, chills, cough, congestion, tiredness and throat and head pain.
COVID-19可导致发热、寒战、咳嗽、鼻塞、乏力以及咽喉和头部疼痛。
Other signs of COVID are the loss of smell or taste, difficulty breathing, nausea, or vomiting.
新冠肺炎的其他症状包括嗅觉或味觉丧失、呼吸困难、恶心或呕吐。
The sickness can last for several days.
这种疾病可能会持续好几天。
The respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, can make people sick for one or two weeks.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）可使人患病一到两周。
The signs include runny nose, congestion, coughing, sneezing, breathing problems, fever, and a loss of appetite.
症状包括流鼻涕、鼻塞、咳嗽、打喷嚏、呼吸困难、发烧和食欲不振。
Wash your hands
洗手
So how can we avoid infections?
那么我们该如何避免感染呢？
Experts say people should wash their hands carefully and often with a cleanser such as soap.
专家表示，人们应该使用肥皂等清洁剂仔细且频繁地洗手。
Clean hands are very important to reducing the spread of norovirus, colds, flu and COVID-19.
保持双手清洁对于减少诺如病毒、感冒、流感和COVID-19的传播非常重要。
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says this is especially true after using the bathroom, eating or preparing food.
美国疾病控制和预防中心表示，在如厕、进食或准备食物后尤其如此。
Make sure you take enough time to wash your hands.
确保你花足够的时间洗手。
It should take at least 20 seconds to complete the job.
完成这项工作至少需要20秒。
If you do not have soap and water available, cleansers called hand sanitizers are a good substitute.
如果没有肥皂和水，被称为手部消毒液的清洁剂是很好的替代品。
The sanitizer must be at least 60 percent alcohol to be effective against most of these viruses.
消毒液必须含有至少60%的酒精，才能有效对抗大多数这类病毒。
An exception is norovirus which requires a stronger sanitizer.
一个例外是诺如病毒，它需要更强的消毒剂。
Cleaning surfaces can remove viruses
清洁表面可以去除病毒
To avoid norovirus, you must immediately clean surfaces that have come in contact with infected food or bodily fluids.
为避免感染诺如病毒，你必须立即清洁接触过受污染食物或体液的表面。
The CDC advises disinfecting things with a chlorine bleach solution or one of the products listed on the Environmental Protection Agency website.
CDC建议使用氯漂白剂溶液或环境保护局网站上列出的产品对物品进行消毒。
Do not forget to wash any clothing that has come in contact with vomit or other bodily waste.
不要忘记清洗任何接触过呕吐物或其他排泄物的衣物。
Use hot water and soap.
使用热水和肥皂。
Then, wash your hands again.
然后，再次洗手。
With colds and flu, it is best to repeatedly clean surfaces that are touched or used often.
对于感冒和流感，最好反复清洁经常接触或使用的表面。
These include doorknobs, light switches, kitchen workspaces, children’s playthings, cellphones and other objects around the home.
这些包括门把手、电灯开关、厨房操作台、儿童玩具、手机以及家中的其他物品。
Use household cleaning products that contain soap or detergent and follow up with a sanitizer.
使用含有肥皂或清洁剂的家庭清洁产品，之后再用消毒剂进行处理。
The CDC has more advice on how to clean.
CDC有更多关于如何清洁的建议。
COVID-19 spreads through the air in small drops and particles.
COVID-19通过空气中的小飞沫和颗粒物传播。
The CDC says there is low risk of getting the virus from surfaces.
美国疾控中心表示，从物体表面感染病毒的风险很低。
Keeping your hands off your face can keep viruses out
避免用手接触面部可以防止病毒入侵
Viruses can spread through talking, coughing and sneezing, so cover your mouth with a tissue when you sneeze or cough.
病毒可以通过交谈、咳嗽和打喷嚏传播，因此当你打喷嚏或咳嗽时，请用纸巾捂住口鼻。
Then, wash your hands.
然后洗手。
Do not touch your face.
不要触摸你的脸。
If you have viruses on your unwashed hands and touch your face, eyes or nose, they can get into your body.
如果你未洗手的手上带有病毒，并触摸了脸部、眼睛或鼻子，病毒就可能进入你的身体。
Your likelihood of getting sick will increase.
你生病的可能性会增加。
Consider a vaccine (if there is one)
考虑一种疫苗（如果有的话）
You might consider a vaccine if one is available.
如果有可用的疫苗，你可以考虑接种。
Updated COVID-19 vaccines are available.
更新后的COVID-19疫苗已可供接种。
Yearly flu shots for people 6 months and older are also available.
6个月及以上人群还可接种年度流感疫苗。
For adults 60 and older or people who are pregnant, you might want to get the RSV vaccine.
对于60岁及以上的成年人或孕妇，您可能需要接种RSV疫苗。
There is no vaccine for norovirus or the common cold.
诺如病毒和普通感冒都没有疫苗。
Another way to keep your defenses against viruses up: Rest
保持抵御病毒能力的另一种方法：休息
Your immune system may not work as well if you are lacking enough sleep, water or are experiencing high levels of tension.
如果你的睡眠不足、饮水不够或承受着高度紧张，你的免疫系统可能就无法良好运作。
Rest.
休息。
Sleep.
睡觉。
And drink enough water.
并且要喝足够的水。
Stay at home
待在家里
If you do get sick, you can take a test to find out if you have COVID-19 or influenza.
如果你确实生病了，可以做个检测来确定是感染了COVID-19还是流感。
It is important to know if you have a virus that could be treated with available medicines.
重要的是要知道你是否感染了可用药物治疗的病毒。
The drug Paxlovid treats COVID-19.
药物Paxlovid用于治疗COVID-19。
Tamiflu is used to treat flu.
达菲用于治疗流感。
Above all, if you have symptoms of any of these sicknesses, stay at home and away from other people.
最重要的是，如果你有任何这些疾病的症状，请待在家里，远离他人。
This will help stop the spread of viruses.
这将有助于阻止病毒的传播。
To treat a cold, flu or COVID-19, rest and drink fluids.
治疗感冒、流感或COVID-19，需休息并补充水分。
You can take pain medicine to lower a fever or to ease pain.
你可以服用止痛药来退烧或缓解疼痛。
Humidifier machines, which increase the amount of water in the air, can also help ease symptoms.
加湿器能增加空气中的水分，也有助于缓解症状。
There is no medication for norovirus.
诺如病毒无药可治。
You need to replace fluids lost because of the sickness.
你需要补充因疾病而流失的体液。
Drink as much water and other liquids as possible.
尽可能多喝水和其他液体。
Seek medical help if you notice you have a dry mouth and throat, are not expelling liquid waste easily, or feel dizzy when standing.
如果你发现口干舌燥、排尿不畅或站立时感到头晕，请寻求医疗帮助。
I’m Caty Weaver.
我是凯蒂·韦弗。
And I’m Mario Ritter Jr.
我是小马里奥·里特。
The Associated Press produced this report.
美联社制作了这篇报道。
Caty Weaver adapted it for VOA Learning English.
凯蒂·韦弗为VOA英语学习频道改编了它。
