航天器登月简史
📖 逐句对照翻译
Many years have passed since the first spacecraft landed on the moon in 1966.
自1966年第一艘宇宙飞船登陆月球以来，许多年已经过去了。
From then until now, there have been many additional attempts with some succeeding and others failing.
从那时到现在，有许多额外的尝试，有的成功，有的失败。
Here is a short history of some of these attempts.
以下是其中一些尝试的简短历史。
First victories
最初的胜利
The Soviet Union’s Luna 9 spacecraft was the first to land on the moon.
苏联的月球9号探测器是首个在月球上着陆的航天器。
It touched down on the lunar surface in 1966.
它于1966年降落在月球表面。
The landing came after several other Soviet spacecraft either did not reach the moon or crashed on the surface.
这次着陆是在其他几艘苏联航天器要么未能到达月球，要么在月球表面坠毁之后实现的。
The American space agency NASA says Luna 9 was the first spacecraft to carry out a soft landing on the moon.
美国航天局NASA表示，月球9号是首个实现月球软着陆的航天器。
It was also the first to send “photographic data” from the moon’s surface to Earth.
它也是首个从月球表面向地球发送“摄影数据”的。
Luna 9’s landing proved “the lunar surface could support the weight of a lander and that an object would not sink into a loose layer of dust as some models predicted,” NASA said.
美国宇航局表示，月球9号的着陆证明了“月球表面能够承受着陆器的重量，而且物体不会像一些模型预测的那样陷入松散的尘埃层中”。
In May 1966, the United States followed with its Surveyor 1 mission.
1966年5月，美国紧随其后，执行了勘测者1号任务。
NASA describes this effort as “the first of a series of seven robotic spacecraft sent to the moon to gather data in preparation for NASA's Apollo missions.”
美国国家航空航天局称，这是“为准备阿波罗任务而发送到月球收集数据的一系列七个机器人航天器中的第一个”。
The successful soft landing of Surveyor 1 “was one of the great successes of NASA's early lunar and interplanetary program.”
勘测者1号的成功软着陆“是美国宇航局早期月球和行星际计划的巨大成功之一”。
Both the U.S. and Soviet Union had other successful robotic landings.
美国和苏联都曾有过其他成功的机器人着陆。
Next, the countries aimed to be the first to land humans on the moon.
接下来，这些国家竞相成为首个将人类送上月球的国家。
Apollo program
阿波罗计划
In 1969, NASA successfully landed Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon.
1969年，美国宇航局成功将阿波罗11号的宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗和巴兹·奥尔德林送上月球。
The U.S. Apollo program sent 12 astronauts to explore the moon over six missions.
美国阿波罗计划通过六次任务派遣了12名宇航员探索月球。
Apollo 17 was the last in 1972.
阿波罗17号是1972年的最后一次。
The U.S. is still the only country to land humans on the moon.
美国仍然是唯一一个将人类送上月球的国家。
NASA officials say the agency’s Artemis program aims to return astronauts to the lunar surface possibly by the end of 2026.
NASA官员表示，该机构的阿尔忒弥斯计划旨在可能在2026年底前让宇航员重返月球表面。
China expands space efforts
中国扩大太空探索力度
In 2013, China became the third country to successfully land a spacecraft on the moon.
2013年，中国成为第三个成功将航天器送上月球的国家。
China landed an exploring vehicle, or rover named Yutu that year.
那一年，中国成功着陆了一辆名为“玉兔”的探测车。
China followed with the Yutu-2 rover in 2019, this time touching down on the moon’s unexplored far side.
中国随后于2019年发射了玉兔二号月球车，这次它降落在月球尚未探索的背面。
In 2020, China successfully returned samples of rock and dirt collected by the rovers.
2020年，中国成功返回了由探测器采集的岩石和土壤样本。
The mission returned about 1.7 kilograms of lunar material collected from the near side of the moon.
该任务带回了约1.7公斤从月球近侧采集的月球物质。
Then in 2024, another mission returned rock and soil samples from the less explored far side of the moon.
然后在2024年，另一次任务从探索较少的月球背面带回了岩石和土壤样本。
China has said it aims to land its astronauts on the moon by 2030.
中国表示，其目标是在2030年前实现宇航员登月。
Russian landing failure
俄罗斯着陆失败
In 2023, Russia tried its first moon landing in nearly 50 years.
2023年，俄罗斯尝试了近50年来的首次登月。
The Luna 25 spacecraft was attempting to land near the lunar south pole.
月球25号航天器试图在月球南极附近着陆。
But it is believed to have crash landed on the moon’s surface.
但据信它已坠毁在月球表面。
The country’s last effort before that, Luna 24 in 1976, landed successfully and returned moon rocks to Earth.
在此之前，该国最后一次尝试是1976年的月球24号，它成功着陆并将月岩带回地球。
India succeeds on second attempt
印度第二次尝试成功
After its first lander crashed into the moon in 2019, India made its second attempt in 2023.
继2019年首次登月尝试失败后，印度于2023年进行了第二次尝试。
The country successfully landed its Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft on the lunar surface.
该国成功将其“月船3号”航天器着陆在月球表面。
The mission made India the fourth nation to complete a moon landing.
这次任务使印度成为第四个完成登月壮举的国家。
Japan lands sideways
日本横向着陆
In January 2024, Japan became the fifth country to successfully land a spacecraft on the moon.
2024年1月，日本成为第五个成功将航天器送上月球的国家。
But the SLIM spacecraft landed upside down.
但SLIM航天器是倒栽葱着陆的。
This caused some power and communication problems, but the lander was able to operate for a short time.
这导致了一些电力和通信问题，但着陆器还是能够短暂运行一段时间。
I’m Bryan Lynn.
我是布莱恩·林恩。
The Associated Press reported this story.
美联社报道了这一事件。
Bryan Lynn adapted the report for VOA Learning English with additional information from NASA.
布莱恩·林恩根据美国宇航局提供的额外信息，为VOA英语学习频道改编了这份报告。
