气候极端现象持续，西班牙遭遇洪水
📖 逐句对照翻译
Even for a period of extreme weather, this autumn has had more than the usual weather disasters.
即便是在极端天气频发的时期，今年秋天的天气灾害也比往常更多。
The Spanish province Valencia has seen the latest incident of massive and deadly flooding in Europe.
西班牙瓦伦西亚省发生了欧洲最近一起大规模致命洪灾。
Heavy downpours also hit France, Austria and Czechia this fall.
今年秋天，法国、奥地利和捷克也遭遇了暴雨袭击。
Italy has had two major floods, once in September and then again in October.
意大利发生了两场大洪水，一次在九月，另一次在十月。
More than 200 people have been killed in the flooding in Spain.
西班牙的洪水已造成200多人死亡。
At the same time, over half of the United States experiences an almost rain-free October.
与此同时，美国超过一半的地区经历着几乎无雨的十月。
Scientists studying the recent weather say the heavy rains are probably connected to climate change in two ways.
研究近期天气的科学家表示，暴雨可能与气候变化有两方面关联。
They say a warmer atmosphere holds and then releases more moisture.
他们说，更温暖的大气层能够容纳并释放更多的水分。
The other connection is possible changes in the jet stream that could cause extreme weather.
另一种关联是急流可能发生变化，从而引发极端天气。
The jet stream is the river of air above land that moves weather systems around the planet.
急流是陆地上空推动天气系统环绕地球运行的空气河流。
Several climate scientists and meteorologists said the immediate cause of the flooding is a cut-off lower pressure storm system that came from an unusually wavy and slowed jet stream.
几位气候科学家和气象学家表示，此次洪水的直接原因是来自异常波动且流速减缓的急流的切断低压风暴系统。
In the United States, the slow movement caused a sunny, high-pressure system with no moisture to cover the country and keep storms away.
在美国，这个缓慢移动的天气系统导致一个晴朗、无水分的高压系统覆盖全国，使风暴无法靠近。
"If we're getting all the dryness, somebody else is getting all the rain," said Yale Climate Connection meteorologist Jeff Masters, co-founder of Weather Underground.
“如果这边干旱少雨，那别处就会阴雨连绵，”耶鲁气候联络会的 meteorologist、Weather Underground 联合创始人杰夫·马斯特斯说。
"The same extremely wavy jet stream that is causing the U.S. drought is also responsible for the horrific flooding in eastern Spain," said climate scientist Jennifer Francis.
气候科学家詹妮弗·弗朗西斯表示：“正是同一股极其蜿蜒的急流既导致了美国的干旱，也造成了西班牙东部的严重洪灾。”
She is with the Woodwell Climate Research Center in Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
她在马萨诸塞州科德角的伍德韦尔气候研究中心工作。
Francis is an early developer of the theory that connects a wavier and slower-moving jet stream to climate change.
弗朗西斯是将波动更大、移动更慢的急流与气候变化联系起来的理论的早期开发者。
The theory is that the Arctic is warming so much; it is now not much colder than the rest of the planet.
该理论认为，北极变暖幅度如此之大，以至于现在它的气温与地球上其他地区相比已高不了多少。
That theory is gaining more acceptance, but it is not fully accepted by the climate science community.
该理论正获得越来越多的认可，但尚未被气候科学界完全接受。
Climate scientist Erich Fischer is with the university ETH Zurich in Switzerland.
气候科学家埃里希·菲舍尔就职于瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院。
He does not fully accept the wavy jet stream theory.
他并不完全接受波浪状急流理论。
But then he lists the storm systems that have slowed and flooded Europe this fall: one in France and two in Italy in September and October and flooding in Austria and the Czech Republic in September.
但随后他列举了今年秋天导致欧洲洪水泛滥、灾情放缓的风暴系统：9月和10月法国的一场、意大利的两场，以及9月奥地利和捷克的洪水。
And then there were the October floods in the Balkans, although Fischer said he is not sure they are similar enough.
接着是巴尔干地区十月份的洪水，尽管菲舍尔表示他不确定两者是否有足够的相似性。
The European climate service Copernicus says parts of Poland, Germany and the Czech Republic got three months of rain in just five days in September.
欧洲气候服务机构哥白尼表示，波兰、德国和捷克共和国的部分地区在九月的五天内降下了相当于三个月的雨量。
Fischer also spoke of the floods in Europe during the summer.
费舍尔还提到了夏季欧洲的洪水。
"Starting with Bavaria, southern Germany in June, and then it was something like six events in Austria and Switzerland in the mountains, extreme thunderstorms, and now this autumn.
从六月的德国南部巴伐利亚开始，然后是在奥地利和瑞士山区举办的约六场活动，遭遇了极端雷暴天气，再到现在的这个秋天。
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He said it was an unusual period in which the systems, especially in Spain, France and Austria, stopped in one place and "the rain did not move" from the same valleys for hours.
他说这是一个不寻常的时期，尤其是在西班牙、法国和奥地利，这些天气系统停在一个地方，雨水在同一片山谷上空数小时“纹丝不动”。
Even without the changes to the jet stream, several scientists said they are sure that basic physics are making storms like this wetter.
即使没有急流的变化，几位科学家也表示，他们确信基本物理原理正在使这样的风暴变得更加潮湿。
It holds that every degree Celsius the air warms, it can hold seven percent more moisture.
该观点认为，气温每升高1摄氏度，空气就能多容纳7%的水分。
The world has warmed 1.3 degrees Celsius because of greenhouse gases, so it has about nine to 10 percent heavier rain, at the least, said Imperial College London climate scientist Friederike Otto.
帝国理工学院气候科学家弗里德里克·奥托表示，由于温室气体排放，全球气温已上升1.3摄氏度，因此降雨量至少增加了约9%至10%。
She helps run an organization called World Weather Attribution.
她协助运营一个名为“世界天气归因”的组织。
It checks for human causes of extreme weather, sometimes finding them, sometimes not.
它检查极端天气的人为原因，有时能找到，有时找不到。
She said it is very clear that climate change is linked to the rain event in Valencia.
她说，非常清楚的是，气候变化与巴伦西亚的降雨事件有关。
The Mediterranean Sea had its warmest surface temperature on record in mid-August, with a mean temperature of 28.47 Celsius, said Carola Koenig of the Centre for Flood Risk and Resilience at Brunel University of London.
伦敦布鲁内尔大学洪水风险与恢复力研究中心的卡罗拉·柯尼希表示，8月中旬，地中海表面温度创下有记录以来的最高水平，平均温度为28.47摄氏度。
She said that means more moisture is in the air, “resulting in more rain when the atmosphere starts to cool in the autumn.”
她说，这意味着空气中的水分更多，“因此当大气在秋季开始冷却时，降雨会更多。”
She warned there may be more heavy rain after this week’s storm.
她警告说，本周的暴风雨过后可能还会有更多强降雨。
There may be different ways of counting and attributing climate change and the problems it causes, Otto said, but one thing is for certain: "Burning fossil fuels causes climate change and climate change causes death and destruction."
奥托表示，计算和归因气候变化及其造成的问题可能有不同的方法，但有一件事是确定的：“燃烧化石燃料导致气候变化，而气候变化导致死亡和破坏。”
I’m Mario Ritter.
我是马里奥·里特。
And I’m Jill Robbins.
我是吉尔·罗宾斯。
Seth Borenstein reported this story for the Associated Press.
塞思·博伦斯坦为美联社报道了这则新闻。
Jill Robbins adapted it for Learning English.
吉尔·罗宾斯为《学习英语》改编了它。
