如何从中年开始降低患痴呆症的风险
📖 逐句对照翻译
New research suggests the risk of Americans developing dementia over a lifetime may be much higher than once thought.
新研究表明，美国人一生中患痴呆症的风险可能远高于以往的认识。
A new study predicts about one million Americans will likely develop the disease each year by 2060.
一项新研究预测，到2060年，每年约有100万美国人可能会患上这种疾病。
That is about twice the number of people estimated in earlier studies.
这大约是早期研究中估计人数的两倍。
The new finding is based on a large study involving a team from major U.S. medical centers and other research organizations.
这一新发现基于一项大型研究，该研究涉及来自美国主要医疗中心和其他研究机构的团队。
It recently appeared in the publication Nature Medicine.
它最近发表在《自然医学》杂志上。
The study found that after age 55, people face up to a 42 percent chance of developing dementia, if they live long enough.
研究发现，55岁以后，人们患上痴呆症的可能性高达42%，前提是他们的寿命足够长。
The research showed the risk of dementia is highest after age 75.
研究表明，75岁以后患痴呆症的风险最高。
But the good news is that there are steps people can take to reduce the risks.
但好消息是，人们可以采取一些措施来降低风险。
One of them is controlling high blood pressure and other conditions, such as diabetes or being severely overweight, meaning obese.
其中之一是控制高血压和其他疾病，比如糖尿病或严重超重，即肥胖。
Health experts advise everyone, even those in middle age, to take steps to avoid such problems.
健康专家建议每个人，即便是中年人，也要采取措施避免这类问题。
Dr. Josef Coresh of NYU Langone Health was a lead writer of the study.
纽约大学朗格尼医学中心的约瑟夫·科雷什博士是该研究的主要作者。
He told The Associated Press, "All of our research suggests what you do in midlife really matters.
他告诉美联社：“我们所有的研究都表明，中年时期的所作所为确实至关重要。”
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What is Dementia?
什么是痴呆症？
It can be quite common for older people to take longer to remember a name or where they placed certain objects.
老年人需要更长时间才能想起某个名字或记起把某些物品放在哪里，这是相当常见的。
But research on dementia suggests it is not a normal part of aging.
但对痴呆症的研究表明，它并不是衰老的正常现象。
Rather, the disease is a progressive loss of memory, language and other cognitive abilities over time.
相反，这种疾病是随着时间推移逐渐丧失记忆、语言和其他认知能力。
Getting older is currently the biggest risk and the U.S. population is aging at a fast rate.
变老目前是最大的风险，而美国人口正在快速老龄化。
Dementia has many forms, the most common being Alzheimer's.
痴呆症有多种形式，其中最常见的是阿尔茨海默病。
Because the disease is linked to silent changes in the brain, signs or symptoms of dementia might not start showing until many years later.
由于该疾病与大脑中的隐性变化有关，痴呆症的迹象或症状可能要在多年后才会开始显现。
Other kinds include vascular dementia, when heart disease or small strokes limit blood flow to the brain.
其他类型包括血管性痴呆，即心脏病或小中风限制了大脑的血液流动。
Many people also have mixed causes, meaning vascular problems could worsen existing dementia.
许多人还存在混合病因，这意味着血管问题可能加剧已有的痴呆症。
Dr. James Galvin is an Alzheimer's specialist at the University of Miami.
詹姆斯·加尔文博士是迈阿密大学的阿尔茨海默病专家。
He noted that aging by itself is "not a guarantee that someone will develop dementia."
他指出，衰老本身“并不保证某人会患上痴呆症”。
Galvin was not involved in the new study.
高尔文没有参与这项新研究。
But he said the latest findings on that support previous research.
但他表示，这一最新发现支持了先前的研究。
Dementia risk by age
各年龄段的痴呆风险
Earlier studies estimated about 14 percent of men and 23 percent of women would develop some form of dementia during their lifetime.
早前的研究估计，大约14%的男性和23%的女性会在其一生中患上某种形式的痴呆症。
Since women live longer than men, they are more likely to get it.
由于女性比男性寿命更长，她们更有可能患上这种病。
But the latest research examined more recent data from a U.S. study that followed the heart health and cognitive abilities of about 15,000 older adults from 1987 until 2020.
但最新研究审查了美国一项研究提供的更近期数据，该研究追踪了约1.5万名老年人从1987年至2020年的心脏健康和认知能力。
In that group, the risk for dementia averaged 35 percent for men and 48 percent for women.
在该组中，男性患痴呆症的风险平均为35%，女性则为48%。
One reason for the different rates is that the group of people studied lived longer.
不同比率的一个原因是，所研究的人群寿命更长。
The study shows how the risk changes with additional years of life.
这项研究显示了风险如何随着寿命的延长而变化。
Only 4 percent of people developed dementia between the ages of 55 and 75.
只有4%的人在55岁至75岁之间患上了痴呆症。
Coresh describes this difference as an important 20-year window for protecting brain health.
科雷什将这一差异描述为保护大脑健康的重要20年窗口期。
For people surviving common health threats until 75, the dementia risk then jumped — to 20 percent by age 85 and 42 percent between the ages of 85 and 95.
对于在常见健康威胁下存活至75岁的人群，其痴呆风险随之上升——到85岁时升至20%，而在85岁至95岁之间则高达42%。
Black Americans had a slightly higher risk, 44 percent, than white individuals at 41 percent.
美国黑人的风险略高，为44%，而白人为41%。
Ways to help lower dementia risk
帮助降低痴呆风险的方法
There are some health risks people cannot control.
有些健康风险是人们无法控制的。
Besides age, people can inherit a gene version, or variant, called APOE4.
除了年龄之外，人们还可能遗传到一种称为APOE4的基因版本或变体。
This can raise the risk of getting Alzheimer's later in life.
这可能会增加晚年患阿尔茨海默病的风险。
But medical researchers have identified some things people can do to delay, or possibly even prevent developing dementia.
但医学研究人员已经发现了一些人们可以做的事情，以延缓甚至可能预防痴呆症的发展。
The University of Miami’s Galvin advises people to exercise, avoid obesity and control blood pressure.
迈阿密大学的Galvin建议人们锻炼身体、避免肥胖并控制血压。
He noted that, "What's good for your heart is good for your brain.
他指出：“对心脏有益的东西对大脑也有益。”
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Stay socially and cognitively active, too, Galvin said.
加尔文说，还要保持社交和认知活跃。
He urges people to try hearing aids if age brings hearing loss, which can create social isolation.
他敦促人们，如果年龄导致听力下降，就尝试使用助听器，因为听力下降会造成社交孤立。
He added, "There are things that we have control over, and those things I think would be really, really important to build a better brain as we age."
他补充道：“有些事情是我们能够控制的，而我认为，这些事对于随着年龄增长而构建一个更健康的大脑来说，真的非常重要。”
I’m Jill Robbins.
我是吉尔·罗宾斯。
Lauran Neergaard reported this story for the Associated Press.
劳伦·尼尔加德为美联社报道了这一故事。
Jill Robbins adapted it for Learning English.
吉尔·罗宾斯为《学习英语》改编了它。
