医生给出预防中风的新指南
📖 逐句对照翻译
From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
这里是VOA慢速英语的健康与生活方式报道。
New guidelines have been issued in the United States for preventing stroke – the nation’s 4th biggest killer.
美国发布了预防中风的新指南。中风是美国第四大杀手。
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says that in 2023, stroke was the fourth leading cause of death in the United States.
美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）表示，2023年，中风是美国第四大死因。
An estimated half a million people suffer strokes in the U.S. each year.
据估计，美国每年有五十万人中风。
But the CDC notes that up to 80 percent of strokes could be prevented with better nutrition and exercise, along with improved risk identification.
但美国疾病控制与预防中心指出，通过更好的营养和锻炼，以及改进的风险识别，多达80%的中风是可以预防的。
What is a stroke?
什么是中风？
A stroke happens when blood flow to part of the brain is blocked or if a blood vessel in the brain breaks open, or bursts.
中风发生在脑部某部分的血流被阻断，或者脑内血管破裂、爆开的时候。
The event keeps oxygen from getting to the brain.
该事件阻止氧气进入大脑。
This can result in the person having difficulty thinking, talking and walking.
这可能导致此人出现思考、说话和行走困难。
In some cases, a stroke can even cause death.
在某些情况下，中风甚至可能导致死亡。
Stroke is a major health problem across the world.
中风是世界范围内的一个重大健康问题。
On its website, the World Stroke Organization says the condition is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide.
世界卒中组织在其网站上表示，卒中是全球范围内导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。
Over 100 million people worldwide have suffered a stroke.
全球已有超过一亿人遭受中风。
It is estimated that 25 percent of adults over 25 will have a stroke during their lifetime.
据估计，25岁以上的成年人中，有25%的人一生中会患上中风。
The new guidelines on stroke prevention came from the American Stroke Association.
这项关于中风预防的新指南来自美国卒中协会。
They are the first to be issued in 10 years.
它们是10年来首次发行的。
The advice includes suggestions for people and doctors and are based on improved information about who has strokes and why.
该建议包括针对普通人和医生的指导意见，基于关于哪些人会中风及其原因的改进信息。
The guidelines also include new drugs that can help reduce risk.
指南中还包含有助于降低风险的新药。
Health researchers say the best way to reduce the risk of stroke is the same as reducing risks for many other conditions.
健康研究人员表示，降低中风风险的最佳方式与降低许多其他疾病风险的方式相同。
These include eating a healthy diet, moving the body often and not smoking.
这些包括健康饮食、经常活动身体以及不吸烟。
Here is what to know about stroke and the newly issued guidelines:
以下是关于中风及新发布指南需要了解的内容：
Eating healthy can reduce stroke risk
健康饮食可以降低中风风险
Experts say eating healthy can help control possible stroke risks.
专家表示，健康饮食有助于控制可能的中风风险。
The goal is to prevent or reduce high cholesterol, high blood sugar and obesity, the condition of being extremely overweight.
目标是预防或减少高胆固醇、高血糖和肥胖，即极度超重的情况。
The advice urges people to choose foods in the so-called Mediterranean diet.
该建议敦促人们选择所谓地中海饮食中的食物。
These include fruits, vegetables, whole grains and olive oil.
这些包括水果、蔬菜、全谷物和橄榄油。
Eating these foods can help keep cholesterol levels down.
食用这些食物有助于降低胆固醇水平。
Red meat should be limited, along with saturated fats.
红肉应适量限制，同时也要限制饱和脂肪的摄入。
Additional protein can come from beans, nuts, poultry and seafood.
额外的蛋白质可以来自豆类、坚果、家禽和海鲜。
Highly processed foods and drinks with a lot of added sugar should also be avoided.
还应避免食用大量添加糖的高度加工食品和饮料。
Moving your body can help prevent strokes
活动身体有助于预防中风
Getting up and walking around for at least 10 minutes a day can greatly reduce a person’s stroke risk, said Dr. Cheryl Bushnell.
谢丽尔·布什内尔博士表示，每天起身走动至少10分钟，可以大大降低一个人患中风的风险。
She is a neurologist at Wake Forest University School of Medicine in North Carolina.
她是北卡罗来纳州维克森林大学医学院的一名神经科医生。
Bushnell was part of the group that came up with the new guidelines.
布什内尔是参与制定这些新指南的团队成员之一。
She said regular exercise can help reduce blood pressure, a major risk factor for stroke.
她说，定期锻炼有助于降低血压，而血压是导致中风的主要风险因素。
However, health experts say more movement is better.
然而，健康专家表示，多运动更好。
The stroke association suggests at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise activity every week.
中风协会建议每周至少进行150分钟中等强度的有氧运动或75分钟的高强度运动。
Such exercise could include going to the gym, taking a walk or running.
这类锻炼可以包括去健身房、散步或跑步。
People can also use exercise machines at home, dance or play a sport.
人们也可以在家里使用健身器材、跳舞或进行体育运动。
New tools to reduce obesity, a risk factor for stroke
减少肥胖的新工具，肥胖是中风的一个危险因素
The guidelines include a new group of drugs that have been proven to help people lose weight.
该指南包括一组已被证明有助于人们减肥的新型药物。
The drugs – designed for people with obesity or diabetes – had not been approved when past guidelines were issued.
这些药物旨在治疗肥胖症或糖尿病患者，但在以往的指南发布时尚未获得批准。
But the advice now suggests doctors consider these drugs for patients at risk for stroke.
但现在的建议是，医生应考虑让有中风风险的患者使用这些药物。
These include versions sold under the names Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound,.
这些包括以Ozempic、Wegovy、Mounjaro和Zepbound等名称销售的版本。
The new guidelines also help doctors identify people who might be at higher risk for stroke.
新指南还有助于医生识别中风风险可能较高的人群。
For the first time, the advice suggests doctors screen patients for other risk factors.
该建议首次提出，医生应筛查患者的其他风险因素。
They could include gender or non-medical factors such as economic issues or the availability of quality health care.
它们可能包括性别或非医疗因素，如经济问题或优质医疗服务的可及性。
The new guidelines also suggest that doctors screen for conditions that may increase a woman’s risk for stroke.
新指南还建议医生筛查可能增加女性中风风险的疾病。
These could include high blood pressure during pregnancy or early menopause.
这些可能包括妊娠期高血压或过早绝经。
How do I know if I’m having a stroke and what do I do?
我如何知道自己是否中风，以及该怎么办？
Three of the most common stroke signs include face weakness, arm weakness and difficulty speaking.
最常见的三种中风征兆包括面部无力、手臂无力和说话困难。
Also, time is important when a person suffers a stroke.
此外，中风发作时，时间至关重要。
Brain damage can happen quickly, but it can be limited if a stroke is treated quickly.
脑损伤可能迅速发生，但如果中风得到及时治疗，损伤是可以被限制的。
Stroke experts have created an acronym to help people remember: FAST -- F for face, A for arm, S for speech, and T for time.
中风专家创建了一个缩写词来帮助人们记忆：FAST——F代表面部，A代表手臂，S代表言语，T代表时间。
If you think you or a loved one may be having a stroke, call the emergency response number in your area immediately.
如果你认为自己或亲人可能中风，请立即拨打你所在地区的急救电话。
And that’s the Health & Lifestyle report.
这就是健康与生活方式报告。
I’m Anna Matteo.
我是安娜·马特奥。
And I’m Bryan Lynn.
我是布莱恩·林恩。
Kenya Hunter reported this story for the Associated Press.
肯尼亚·亨特为美联社报道了这则新闻。
Anna Matteo adapted it for VOA Learning English.
安娜·马特奥为VOA英语学习频道改编了此内容。
