研究：夏威夷火山在爆发前两个月出现征兆
📖 逐句对照翻译
Scientists say they were able to identify signs that Hawaii’s Mauna Loa volcano might erupt about two months before it exploded.
科学家表示，他们能够在夏威夷冒纳罗亚火山喷发前约两个月识别出它可能喷发的迹象。
A new study explains the signs they discovered and how their method might be used to predict future eruptions.
一项新研究解释了他们发现的迹象，以及他们的方法如何用于预测未来的喷发。
Mauna Loa is the world’s largest active volcano.
冒纳罗亚火山是世界上最大的活火山。
The volcano’s most recent eruption began in November 2022.
这座火山最近一次喷发始于2022年11月。
In the weeks before the eruption, scientists identified, or detected, small earthquakes nearby.
在火山喷发前的几周里，科学家们在附近探测到了小规模的地震。
They also recognized other signs of volcanic activity and were able to warn people on the island of Hawaii.
他们还发现了其他火山活动的迹象，并得以及时警告夏威夷岛上的居民。
Now, examinations of lava from the volcano have confirmed when melted rock underground started to move.
现在，对火山熔岩的检测已经确认了地下熔融岩石开始移动的时间。
Kendra Lynn is a research geologist at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory who helped lead the research.
肯德拉·林恩是夏威夷火山观测站的研究地质学家，她协助领导了这项研究。
She also co-wrote the study, which recently appeared in the publication Nature Communications.
她也是这项研究的合著者，该研究最近发表在《自然通讯》上。
Lynn told the Associated Press that ground expansion and increased earthquake activity near the volcano resulted from melted magma rising from lower levels of Earth’s crust.
林恩告诉美联社，火山附近的地面扩张和地震活动增加是由地壳深处熔融岩浆上升所致。
This movement of liquefied rock filled openings beneath the volcano.
这种液化岩石的运动填充了火山下方的开口。
When the underground pressure got high enough, the magma broke through hard surface rock and became lava.
当地下压力足够高时，岩浆冲破坚硬的表层岩石，成为熔岩。
Later, the researchers collected pieces of the volcanic rock.
后来，研究人员收集了火山岩的碎片。
The team studied the chemistry of certain crystals within the lava to estimate when major movements began.
该团队研究了熔岩中某些晶体的化学性质，以估算主要运动何时开始。
It found that around 70 days before Mauna Loa’s eruption, large amounts of melted rock had moved from three to five kilometers underground to just two kilometers beneath the surface.
研究发现，在冒纳罗亚火山喷发前约70天，大量熔岩从地下三到五公里处移动到了地表下仅两公里的位置。
The researchers said this movement matched the timeline the geologists had observed with other signs.
研究人员表示，这一运动与地质学家根据其他迹象观察到的时间线相吻合。
Before 2022, the last time Mauna Loa erupted was in 1984.
在2022年之前，冒纳罗亚火山上一次喷发是在1984年。
Most of the U.S. volcanoes scientists consider to be active are found in Hawaii, Alaska and near the West Coast.
科学家认为的大多数活火山都位于夏威夷、阿拉斯加以及西海岸附近。
Worldwide, about 585 volcanoes are considered active.
全世界约有585座火山被认为是活火山。
“Volcanoes are tricky because we don’t get to watch directly what’s happening inside – we have to look for other signs," said Erik Klemetti Gonzalez.
埃里克·克莱梅蒂·冈萨雷斯说：“火山很棘手，因为我们无法直接观察内部发生的情况——我们不得不寻找其他迹象。”
He is a volcano expert at Denison University in Ohio who was not involved in the study.
他是俄亥俄州丹尼森大学的一名火山专家，并未参与这项研究。
Ben Andrews heads a volcano program for the U. S. government’s Smithsonian Institution.
本·安德鲁斯负责美国政府的史密森尼学会的一个火山项目。
He also was not involved in the study.
他也没有参与这项研究。
Andrews told the AP that scientists are still not able to fully predict volcanic eruptions.
安德鲁斯告诉美联社，科学家们仍然无法完全预测火山喷发。
But he said they can issue a “forecast” based on observations and data.
但他表示，他们可以根据观测和数据发布“预测”。
Andrews compared volcano forecasts to weather forecasts, which are based on the probability that an event might happen.
安德鲁斯将火山预报与天气预报进行了比较，后者是基于事件可能发生的概率。
Experts say better data about past volcanic behavior can help researchers produce more detailed forecasts of future activity.
专家表示，关于过去火山行为的更完善数据可以帮助研究人员对未来火山活动做出更详细的预测。
Klemetti Gonzalez added, “We can look for similar patterns in the future and expect that there’s a higher probability of conditions for an eruption happening.”
克莱梅蒂·冈萨雷斯补充道：“我们可以在未来寻找类似的模式，并预期出现喷发条件的概率会更高。”
I’m Bryan Lynn.
我是布莱恩·林恩。
The Associated Press reported this story.
美联社报道了这一事件。
Bryan Lynn adapted the report for VOA Learning English.
布莱恩·林恩为VOA英语学习频道改编了这份报告。
