学习介词
📖 逐句对照翻译
Hello!
你好！
This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from Kelvin in Ghana about the usage of prepositions in English.
本周的《问老师》节目中，我们回答来自加纳的凯尔文提出的关于英语介词用法的问题。
Question
问题
Dear teacher,
亲爱的老师，
Please, I would like to know more about prepositions.
拜托，我想更多地了解介词。
Thank you,
谢谢，
Kelvin
开尔文
Answer
回答
I’m happy to answer this question, Kelvin.
我很高兴回答这个问题，凯尔文。
Prepositions are those small words that give additional information about nouns, such as direction, time, location, and possession.
介词是那些为名词提供附加信息的小词，如方向、时间、地点和所属关系。
We can put prepositions into two large groups.
我们可以把介词分为两大类。
In the first group, prepositions tell us about direction, location, time, and relations between people or things.
在第一组中，介词告诉我们关于方向、位置、时间以及人或事物之间的关系。
These details are what people first learn when they study prepositions in English.
这些细节是人们在学英语介词时最先了解到的内容。
Just a few examples of location and time include:
以下仅是地点和时间的几个例子：
on the table.
在桌子上。
under the table.
在桌子下面。
by nine in the morning.
到早上九点。
at night.
在夜里。
Some examples that show relations between people include:
一些展示人与人之间关系的例子包括：
A friend of mine.
我的一个朋友。
I worked with him.
我和他一起工作过。
I did it for you.
我为你做了这件事。
Prepositions in common expressions
常见表达中的介词
The second large group includes common expressions where the preposition sometimes has a less exact meaning.
第二大类包括一些常见表达，其中介词有时含义不那么确切。
That is why knowing which preposition to use with these expressions becomes more difficult.
这就是为什么了解这些表达中该用哪个介词变得更加困难。
Consider the following two examples.
考虑以下两个例子。
The first is used in British English, the second in American English:
第一个用于英式英语，第二个用于美式英语：
This house is different to the one I used to live in.
这所房子与我以前住的那所不同。
This house is different from the one I used to live in.
这所房子与我以前住的那所不同。
The two examples mean the same thing.
这两个例子意思相同。
And there is no clear reason why we should use one preposition instead of the other.
而且，我们并没有明确的理由要用一个介词而不是另一个。
Here is another expression where we use one preposition instead of another.
下面是另一个我们用某个介词代替另一个介词的表达方式。
We often say:
我们常说：
The news took me by surprise.
这个消息让我大吃一惊。
But we never say:
但我们从不说：
The news took me with surprise.
这个消息让我感到惊讶。
However, notice that changing the preposition “by” to the preposition “with” does not appear to change the meaning of this expression.
然而，请注意，将介词“by”改为介词“with”似乎并不会改变这个表达的意思。
To someone learning English, one preposition might seem as good a choice as any other for this expression.
对于学习英语的人来说，在这个表达中，一个介词似乎和其他任何介词一样合适。
That is why it is easy to make mistakes and sometimes difficult to remember the correct preposition to use.
这就是为什么容易出错，有时也很难记住该用哪个正确的介词。
So, how can you remember what preposition to use with such expressions?
那么，你怎么能记住在这些表达中该用哪个介词呢？
For our readers and listeners, what are your questions about American English?
对于我们的读者和听众，你们对美国英语有什么疑问吗？
We’d like to hear from you.
我们期待您的来信。
Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com.
请发送电子邮件至learningenglish@voanews.com。
And please include where you are from in your email, too.
并且请在邮件中也注明你来自哪里。
And that’s Ask a Teacher.
以上就是“问老师”栏目的全部内容。
I’m Andrew Smith.
我是安德鲁·史密斯。
Andrew Smith wrote this lesson for VOA Learning English.
安德鲁·史密斯为VOA英语学习频道撰写了这节课。
