AI工具常被用于伪造产品评论
📖 逐句对照翻译
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools that permit people to produce online reviews have put sellers, service providers and buyers in unfamiliar territory, public protection groups and researchers say.
公共保护组织和研究人员表示，允许人们生成在线评论的人工智能工具，让卖家、服务提供商和买家进入了陌生的领域。
False, or fake, reviews have long appeared on many popular websites such as Amazon and Yelp.
虚假或伪造的评论早已出现在亚马逊和Yelp等许多热门网站上。
The reviews are often traded on private social media groups between fake review dealers and businesses willing to pay.
这些评论通常在私人社交媒体群组中由虚假评论交易商与愿意付费的企业之间进行交易。
Sometimes, businesses get good reviews in exchange for offering buyers rewards such as gift cards.
有时，企业通过提供礼品卡等奖励给买家，来换取好评。
But AI tools, popularized by OpenAI’s ChatGPT, permit people to produce reviews faster and in greater numbers, technology industry experts say.
但科技行业专家表示，由OpenAI的ChatGPT推广开来的AI工具，让人们能够更快、更多地生成评论。
Where are AI-generated reviews appearing?
AI生成的评论出现在哪里？
Fake reviews are found across a wide range of industries, from e-commerce and travel to services such as home repairs, medical care and music lessons.
虚假评论存在于从电子商务、旅游到家庭维修、医疗保健和音乐课程等广泛行业中。
The Transparency Company is a technology company and public protection group that uses software to detect fake reviews.
透明公司是一家科技公司和公共保护组织，利用软件检测虚假评论。
The company said it started to see AI-generated reviews appear in large numbers in mid-2023.
该公司表示，从2023年中期开始，他们发现大量由AI生成的评论涌现。
The reviews have increased quickly ever since.
从那以后，评论数量迅速增加。
For a recently released report, The Transparency Company examined 73 million reviews in three areas: home, legal and medical services.
在最近发布的一份报告中，透明度公司审查了家居、法律和医疗服务三个领域的7300万条评论。
Nearly 14 percent of the reviews were likely fake.
近14%的评论可能是假的。
The company expressed a “high degree of confidence” that 2.3 million reviews were partly or entirely AI-produced.
该公司表示“高度确信”有230万条评论部分或完全由人工智能生成。
Last September, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) took legal action against the company behind an AI writing tool and content producer called Rytr.
去年九月，美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）对一家名为Rytr的人工智能写作工具及内容生产公司采取了法律行动。
The FTC accused Rytr of offering a service that could pollute the marketplace with fake reviews.
美国联邦贸易委员会指控Rytr提供的服务可能以虚假评论污染市场。
The FTC, which banned the sale or purchase of fake reviews in 2024, said some of Rytr’s buyers used the tool to produce hundreds and perhaps thousands of reviews.
美国联邦贸易委员会在2024年禁止了虚假评论的销售或购买，该委员会表示，Rytr的一些买家利用这一工具生成了数百条甚至可能数千条评论。
The reviews appeared in support of garage door repair companies, sellers of copied designer handbags and other businesses.
这些评论似乎是在为车库门维修公司、仿冒名牌手袋销售商和其他企业提供支持。
What are companies doing?
公司正在做什么？
Major companies are developing policies for how AI-generated content fits into their systems for removing fake reviews.
各大公司正在制定政策，规定AI生成的内容如何融入其删除虚假评论的系统。
Some companies already employ special programs and investigative teams to find and remove fake reviews.
一些公司已经采用特殊程序和调查团队来查找并删除虚假评论。
Still, the companies are giving users some ability to use AI.
尽管如此，这些公司还是为用户提供了使用AI的一些功能。
Spokespeople for Amazon and Trustpilot, for example, said they would permit buyers to post AI-assisted reviews as long as the buyers represent their true experience.
例如，亚马逊和Trustpilot的发言人表示，只要买家如实反映自己的真实体验，他们就会允许买家发布AI辅助的评论。
Yelp has taken a more cautious approach, saying its rules require reviewers to write their own reviews.
Yelp则采取了更为谨慎的态度，表示其规定要求评论者必须撰写自己的评论。
The Coalition for Trusted Reviews, which Amazon, Trustpilot, Glassdoor, Tripadvisor, Expedia and Booking.com launched last year, said that even though people may put AI to illegal use, the technology also presents “an opportunity to push back against those who seek to use reviews to mislead others.”
去年，由亚马逊、Trustpilot、Glassdoor、Tripadvisor、Expedia和Booking.com共同发起的可信评论联盟表示，尽管人们可能会将人工智能用于非法用途，但这项技术也带来了“一个机会，去反击那些试图利用评论误导他人的人”。
The FTC’s rule banning fake reviews, which took effect in October, permits the agency to fine businesses and individuals who take part in fake reviews.
美国联邦贸易委员会禁止虚假评论的规定于10月生效，该规定允许该机构对参与虚假评论的企业和个人处以罚款。
Tech companies hosting such reviews are protected from the penalty.
托管此类评论的科技公司可免于处罚。
This is because they are not legally responsible under U.S. law for the content that outsiders post on their websites.
这是因为根据美国法律，他们对外人在其网站上发布的内容不承担法律责任。
Tech companies, including Amazon, Yelp and Google, have sued fake review dealers they accuse of selling fake reviews on their sites.
包括亚马逊、Yelp和谷歌在内的科技公司已对虚假评论交易商提起诉讼，指控他们在其网站上销售虚假评论。
The companies say their technology has blocked or removed a large number of suspect reviews and suspicious accounts.
这些公司表示，他们的技术已经拦截或删除了大量可疑评论和可疑账户。
However, some experts say they could be doing more.
然而，一些专家表示他们还能做得更多。
“Their efforts thus far are not nearly enough,” said Kay Dean, a former federal criminal investigator who runs a public protection group called Fake Review Watch.
“他们迄今为止的努力还远远不够，”凯·迪恩说道，她曾是一名联邦刑事调查员，现在经营着一家名为“虚假评论观察”的公共保护组织。
“If these tech companies are so committed to eliminating review fraud on their platforms, why is it that I, one individual who works with no automation, can find hundreds or even thousands of fake reviews on any given day?”
如果这些科技公司如此致力于消除其平台上的评论欺诈，为何我作为一个没有任何自动化工具的个体，每天都能找到成百上千条虚假评论呢？
Finding fake reviews
寻找虚假评论
Consumers can try to find fake reviews by watching out for a few possible warning signs, researchers say.
研究人员称，消费者可以通过留意一些可能的警示信号来尝试找出虚假评论。
Overly good or bad reviews are suspect.
过于好评或差评都值得怀疑。
Highly specialized terms that repeat a product’s full name or model number are another possible clue.
高度专业化的术语，如果重复了产品的全称或型号，也可能是另一个线索。
When it comes to AI, research done by Balázs Kovács, a Yale professor, has shown that people cannot tell the difference between AI-created and human-written reviews.
在人工智能方面，耶鲁大学教授巴拉兹·科瓦奇的研究表明，人们无法区分人工智能生成和人类撰写的评论。
Some AI detectors may also be fooled by shorter texts, which are common in online reviews, the study said.
研究称，一些人工智能探测器也可能被较短的文本所蒙蔽，而这类文本在在线评论中很常见。
However, there are some AI clues that online shoppers and service seekers should keep in mind.
然而，在线购物者和寻求服务的人应该留意一些人工智能的线索。
Panagram Labs says reviews written with AI are often longer, highly structured and include “empty descriptors.”
Panagram Labs表示，由AI撰写的评论往往更长、结构严谨，并且包含“空洞的描述词”。
Empty descriptors include general phrases and attributes or characteristics.
空泛的描述词包括笼统的短语以及属性或特征。
The writing also often includes overused phrases or opinions like “the first thing that struck me” and “game-changer.”
这类文章还常常包含一些被过度使用的短语或观点，比如“首先打动我的是”和“颠覆者”。
I'm John Russell.
我是约翰·拉塞尔。
And I'm Anna Matteo.
我是安娜·马特奥。
Haleluya Hadero reported on this story for the Associated Press.
哈雷卢亚·哈德罗为美联社报道了此事。
John Russell adapted it for VOA Learning English.
约翰·拉塞尔为VOA英语学习频道改编了它。
