诞生于墨西哥监狱的游戏让人们走到一起
📖 逐句对照翻译
On a Sunday afternoon in Mexico City’s Roma neighborhood, Rosa María Espinosa joins about 80 men in a park to play poleana.
在墨西哥城罗马区的一个周日下午，罗莎·玛丽亚·埃斯皮诺萨和大约80名男子一起在公园里玩波莱纳。
The almost 100-year-old game was created in a Mexican prison and requires luck and thinking skill.
这款已有近百年历史的游戏诞生于墨西哥的一所监狱，既需要运气，也需要思考技巧。
Poleana still carries a stigma connected to its birth as a prison game.
波莱亚纳仍然背负着因其起源于监狱游戏而带来的污名。
However, it is growing popular as people from different backgrounds discover its appeal.
然而，随着来自不同背景的人们发现它的魅力，它正变得越来越受欢迎。
Espinosa says she like the excitement of the game.
埃斯皮诺萨说她喜欢游戏的刺激感。
“But sometimes,” she adds, “the dice aren’t lucky.”
“但有时候，”她补充道，“骰子并不走运。”
Playing for freedom
为自由而战
Poleana is played with four people and a square wooden box with a sunken center for dice rolling.
波莱纳由四人进行，使用一个中心凹陷、用于掷骰子的方形木盒。
Each player has four pieces that they race around the box.
每位玩家有四枚棋子，他们让这些棋子绕着棋盘竞速。
They use dice combinations and math to govern how to move their pieces strategically.
他们运用骰子组合和数学来指导如何策略性地移动棋子。
At the same time, they must also try to block moves by their competitors.
与此同时，他们还须设法阻止竞争对手的行动。
The board represents the limits of a prison and getting out of it before others.
棋盘代表着监狱的界限，以及比其他人先逃出去。
Winning freedom is the game’s goal.
赢得自由是游戏的目标。
“People used to say, ‘these folks know how to play because they’ve been to prison,’” said the 62-year-old Espinosa.
62岁的埃斯皮诺萨说：“人们过去常说，‘这些人之所以会打牌，是因为他们坐过牢。’”
“Thank God I’ve never been, but I like to play.”
谢天谢地我从未吸过毒，但我喜欢玩。
That was the first time she had competed against anyone besides her family or friends.
那是她第一次与家人和朋友以外的人同台竞技。
She usually plays on Tuesdays and Sundays in the small church in her apartment building.
她通常在周二和周日在她公寓楼里的小教堂演奏。
Ancient roots
古老的根源
Alejandro Olmos studies ancient cultures at the National Anthropology and History School.
亚历杭德罗·奥尔莫斯在国家人类学与历史学院研究古代文化。
He has studied and played poleana for years.
他研究并玩poleana已有多年。
He has followed the game’s roots to the Indian game chaupar (or pachisi).
他追溯了这种游戏的根源，直至印度游戏乔帕尔（或称帕奇西）。
He found evidence of the connection dating back 1400 years.
他发现了可追溯至1400年前的关联证据。
After British colonization of India, the game spread to Western countries under different names, including Ludo, Aggravation and Parcheesi.
英国殖民印度后，该游戏以不同的名称传播到西方国家，包括Ludo、Aggravation和Parcheesi。
In 1915, the American company Parker Brothers marketed a similar game.
1915年，美国帕克兄弟公司推出了一款类似的游戏。
Parker Brothers named it “Pollyanna” after a popular 1913 children’s book by Eleanor H. Porter.
帕克兄弟公司以埃莉诺·H·波特1913年畅销儿童小说《波莉安娜》为其命名。
Sometime around 1940, the game spread to prisons in Mexico City, including Lecumberri.
大约在1940年左右，这种游戏传入了墨西哥城的监狱，包括莱昆贝里监狱。
That prison’s physical structure is very similar to the design of the game board.
那座监狱的实体结构与游戏棋盘的设计非常相似。
So experts say Lecumberri may have been the birthplace of modern poleana and its new set of rules.
因此，专家们认为莱昆贝里可能是现代波莱纳及其新规则的诞生地。
Olmos said that in Mexico, “the game reflects the roughness of prison life: mistakes are not pardoned.”
奥尔莫斯说，在墨西哥，“这个游戏反映了监狱生活的残酷：犯错不会被原谅。”
Poleana breaks out
波莱安娜爆发了
Six years ago, Jonathan Rulleri started a family business marketing poleana.
六年前，乔纳森·鲁莱里创办了一家家族企业，专门营销波莱纳。
His goal was to bring together people from different backgrounds.
他的目标是把来自不同背景的人聚集在一起。
One of the early difficulties was establishing common rules for the game, which in Rulleri’s words, “has been spreading from below, from prison to the street and from the street into neighborhoods.”
早期的困难之一是为这项运动制定统一的规则。用鲁莱里的话说，这项运动“一直是从底层传播开来的，从监狱传到街头，又从街头传入社区。”
The 37-year-old man learned to play while serving a sentence in a prison outside Mexico City, the capital.
这名37岁的男子是在首都墨西哥城郊外的一所监狱服刑期间学会演奏的。
After his release, he struggled to find work.
获释后，他艰难地寻找工作。
He and his wife launched a food delivery service.
他和妻子创办了一家外卖服务公司。
However, the business proved unsuccessful.
然而，这项业务并未成功。
This led him to accept an offer to make a poleana board for a friend.
这促使他接受了一份为朋友制作波莱纳棋盘的提议。
Then came another offer.
接着又来了一个提议。
Soon he began to post his creations on social media.
很快，他开始在社交媒体上发布自己的作品。
He said they gave up the food business and started making poleanas instead.
他说他们放弃了食品生意，转而开始制作poleanas。
The business, Poleana Cana’da Frogs, has organized 55 poleana tournaments.
这家名为Poleana Cana'da Frogs的企业已组织了55场poleana锦标赛。
They are family-friendly, including people of all ages.
它们适合家庭参与，包括各个年龄段的人。
“We want to remove the game’s stigma …”
我们想消除这款游戏的污名……
Rulleri said.
鲁莱里说。
In the 1980s, the game began to spread beyond the prisons and into Mexico City’s neighborhoods.
20世纪80年代，这种游戏开始从监狱传播到墨西哥城的各个街区。
Tepito is one of the neighborhoods where people are almost always playing poleana.
特皮托是几乎总有人在玩波莱纳的街区之一。
Fernando Rojas is 57 years-old and learned poleana when he was 18.
费尔南多·罗哈斯现年57岁，18岁时学会了波莱纳。
But it was in prison where he really got good at the game.
但正是在监狱里，他才真正精通了这项游戏。
“It really helps you escape the reality of being a prisoner and that’s how it started,” Rojas said.
罗哈斯说：“这确实能帮你逃离身为囚犯的现实，事情就是这样开始的。”
“No one can understand what it’s like to be a prisoner … you don’t see the end of your sentence. There are people who have to do drugs as their way to escape. Poleana is very important in prison.”
没有人能理解当囚犯是什么滋味……你看不到刑期的尽头。有些人不得不靠吸毒来逃避现实。在监狱里，波莱纳非常重要。
Now the game helps Rojas cope with life’s difficulties.
如今，这款游戏帮助罗哈斯应对生活中的困难。
“We all have problems, in prison and in the street,” he said.
“我们都有问题，无论是在监狱里还是在街上，”他说。
“So a lot of people come here for a distraction.”
所以很多人来这里是为了分散注意力。
While luck plays a part in the game, math understanding is also important.
虽然运气在游戏中占有一席之地，但数学理解也同样重要。
That is why Diego González and Dana López are very happy that their 7-year-old son Kevin is learning to play poleana.
这就是为什么迭戈·冈萨雷斯和达娜·洛佩斯非常高兴，他们7岁的儿子凯文正在学习玩波莱纳。
He has fun and his math skills are improving.
他玩得很开心，数学能力也在提高。
González also runs a family business making poleana boards.
冈萨雷斯还经营着一家制作波莱纳棋盘的家族企业。
He started the business after serving a three-year sentence 10 years ago.
他10年前服完三年刑期后开始了这项生意。
His boards are popular birthday and Christmas gifts.
他的滑板是受欢迎的生日和圣诞礼物。
Some are personalized and might include images of loved ones who have died, or playful pictures for players who are children.
有些是个性化的，可能包括已故亲人的照片，或是为儿童玩家准备的趣味图片。
Sales of the board game sharply increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
在新冠疫情期间，这款桌游的销量急剧上升。
People were stuck at home and found that the game was a good way to pass the time.
人们被困在家里，发现这个游戏是消磨时间的好方法。
“They realized it’s not a bad game," González said, “it’s a game of strategy and getting the family together.”
冈萨雷斯说：“他们意识到这不是一个糟糕的游戏，而是一个讲究策略、能让家人团聚的游戏。”
I’m Anna Matteo.
我是安娜·马特奥。
And I’m Mario Ritter Jr.
我是小马里奥·里特。
The Associated Press reported this story.
美联社报道了这一事件。
Anna Matteo adapted it for VOA Learning English.
安娜·马特奥为VOA英语学习频道改编了此内容。
