饮酒如何影响你的健康？
📖 逐句对照翻译
Past research suggested drinking alcohol in moderate amounts could be good for the heart.
过去的研究表明，适量饮酒可能对心脏有益。
But a growing number of public health experts now advise people to limit alcohol intake as much as possible to improve health.
但越来越多的公共卫生专家现在建议人们尽可能限制酒精摄入量，以改善健康状况。
One of those experts is Dr. Timothy Naimi.
其中一位专家是蒂莫西·奈米博士。
He is with the Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research at the University of Victoria in British Columbia.
他在不列颠哥伦比亚省维多利亚大学的加拿大物质使用研究所工作。
Naimi told The Associated Press, "Drinking less is a great way to be healthier."
奈米告诉美联社：“少喝酒是变得更健康的好方法。”
Earlier this month, U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy called for changing his agency’s existing health warning on alcoholic drinks to include cancer risks.
本月早些时候，美国卫生局局长维韦克·穆尔蒂博士呼吁修改其机构关于酒精饮料的现有健康警告，将癌症风险纳入其中。
Such a change would require approval from Congress.
这样的改变需要国会的批准。
What is the harm in drinking alcohol?
喝酒有什么危害？
The Surgeon General’s proposed change is linked to research suggesting that drinking alcohol raises the risk of several types of cancer – including colon, liver, breast, mouth and throat.
卫生局局长提出的这一变更与一项研究有关，该研究表明饮酒会增加患几种癌症的风险——包括结肠癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、口腔癌和喉癌。
Alcohol breaks down in the body into a substance called acetaldehyde.
酒精在体内分解成一种叫做乙醛的物质。
This chemical can damage cells and stop them from repairing themselves.
这种化学物质会损害细胞，并阻止它们自我修复。
The process can create conditions for cancer to grow.
这一过程可能为癌症的生长创造条件。
Naimi said estimates show thousands of U.S. deaths could be prevented each year if people followed government dietary guidelines on drinking alcohol.
奈米说，估计如果人们遵循政府关于饮酒的饮食指南，每年可以预防数千名美国人死亡。
The guidelines advise men to limit themselves to two drinks or fewer per day and women to one drink or fewer per day.
该指南建议男性每天饮酒不超过两杯，女性每天不超过一杯。
An example of one drink would be equal to one 12-ounce can of beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine or one serving of liquor.
一份饮品的例子相当于一罐12盎司的啤酒、一杯5盎司的葡萄酒或一份烈酒。
U.S. Surgeon General Murthy noted there are about 100,000 alcohol-related cancer cases in the United States each year.
美国卫生局局长穆尔蒂指出，美国每年约有10万例与酒精相关的癌症病例。
And, about 20,000 alcohol-related cancer deaths are reported yearly.
并且，每年报告约2万例与酒精相关的癌症死亡病例。
"As you consider whether or how much to drink, keep in mind that less is better when it comes to cancer risk," Murthy wrote on the social media service X.
墨菲在社交媒体X上写道：“当你在考虑是否喝酒或喝多少酒时，请记住，就癌症风险而言，越少越好。”
What about limited drinking?
那适量饮酒呢？
Medical experts say the idea that moderate drinking can cause health improvements, or benefits, came from imperfect studies.
医学专家表示，适度饮酒能改善健康或带来益处的观点源于不完善的研究。
The research compared groups of people based on how much they drank, with amounts usually measured at only one point in time.
该研究根据饮酒量对人群进行分组比较，而饮酒量通常仅在某一时间点进行测量。
Since some earlier studies did not follow rules about what groups were measured, researchers say they did not effectively prove cause and effect.
由于一些早期研究没有遵循关于测量哪些群体的规定，研究人员表示，它们未能有效证明因果关系。
Naimi said people who report drinking moderately generally have higher levels of education, higher earnings and better resources for health care.
奈米说，自称适度饮酒的人通常受教育程度更高，收入更高，也更有能力获得医疗资源。
He explained that when those elements are considered, “The benefits tend to disappear.
他解释说，当考虑到这些因素时，“好处往往就消失了。
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Another problem, Naimi noted, was that most studies did not include younger people.
奈米指出，另一个问题是大多数研究没有涵盖年轻人。
Almost half of people who die from alcohol-related causes do so before the age of 50.
近一半因酒精相关原因死亡的人是在50岁之前去世的。
Naimi said the studied groups did not effectively represent all drinkers.
奈米表示，所研究的群体并未有效代表所有饮酒者。
This likely created “an appearance” of a benefit for moderate drinkers that is not real, he added.
他补充说，这很可能给适度饮酒者造成了一种并不真实的“有益假象”。
What do international guidelines say?
国际指南是怎么说的？
Health guidelines related to alcohol intake have wide differences from country to country.
各国与酒精摄入相关的健康指南存在很大差异。
But the overall message today is that drinking less is better for health.
但今天的总体信息是，少喝酒对健康更有益。
Britain, France, Denmark, Holland and Australia recently examined new evidence and lowered their guidelines for safe amounts of alcohol.
英国、法国、丹麦、荷兰和澳大利亚最近审查了新证据，并降低了安全饮酒量的指导标准。
Ireland plans to begin requiring cancer warnings on alcohol containers starting in 2026.
爱尔兰计划从2026年开始要求在酒精饮料容器上标注癌症警告。
Carina Ferreira-Borges is an adviser on alcohol for the World Health Organization in Europe.
卡丽娜·费雷拉-博尔赫斯是世界卫生组织欧洲区的酒精问题顾问。
She said scientists had changed their minds from earlier research.
她说，科学家们已经改变了早先研究的想法。
This is because more recent studies suggest drinking alcohol is linked “to over 200 health conditions, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases and injuries.
这是因为近期更多研究表明，饮酒与“200多种健康状况有关，包括癌症、心血管疾病和伤害”。
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Naimi said, "The simple message that's best supported by the evidence is that, if you drink, less is better when it comes to health."
奈米说：“根据证据，最简洁的建议是，如果你喝酒，为了健康，越少越好。”
I’m Andrew Smith.
我是安德鲁·史密斯。
Carla K. Johnson reported this story for the Associated Press.
卡拉·K·约翰逊为美联社报道了这则新闻。
Jill Robbins adapted it for Learning English.
吉尔·罗宾斯为《学习英语》改编了它。
