韦伯望远镜显示黑洞突破理论极限
📖 逐句对照翻译
Researchers have observed a large black hole that gained mass at a rate much faster than scientists had thought possible.
研究人员观测到一个大型黑洞，其质量增长速度远超科学家此前认为的可能性。
New observations from the Webb telescope involve the largest kind of black hole, a supermassive black hole.
韦伯望远镜的新观测涉及最大类型的黑洞——超大质量黑洞。
It is called LID-568.
它被称为LID-568。
Scientists say it existed when the universe was about 11 percent of its current age.
科学家表示，它存在于宇宙年龄约为当前年龄11%的时候。
Background of a black hole
黑洞的背景
Black holes are extremely dense objects with gravity so strong that not even light can escape.
黑洞是密度极高的天体，其引力极其强大，连光都无法逃脱。
With their powerful gravitational pull, they grow in mass by taking in material such as gas, dust and stars that are nearby.
凭借强大的引力，它们通过吸收附近的气体、尘埃和恒星等物质来增加质量。
A supermassive black hole about four million times the mass of the sun, called Sagittarius A*, is at the center of our Milky Way galaxy.
一个质量约为太阳四百万倍的超大质量黑洞，名为人马座A*，位于我们银河系的中心。
Supermassive black holes are believed to be at the center of most galaxies.
超massive黑洞被认为位于大多数星系的中心。
Since NASA's James Webb Space Telescope started operating in 2022, researchers have been surprised to find supermassive black holes in the early universe.
自NASA的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜于2022年开始运行以来，研究人员惊讶地发现早期宇宙中存在超大质量黑洞。
Researchers had believed that it takes a longer amount of time to gather such huge amounts of mass.
研究人员曾认为，聚集如此巨大的质量需要更长的时间。
New observations of one early black hole give information about how this growth took place.
对一个早期黑洞的新观测提供了关于这种增长如何发生的信息。
"The existence of supermassive black holes in the early universe challenges our current models of black hole formation and growth," said Hyewon Suh of the International Gemini Observatory in Hawaii and the U.S. National Science Foundation's NOIRLab.
美国夏威夷国际双子座天文台和美国国家科学基金会NOIRLab的Hyewon Suh表示：“早期宇宙中超大质量黑洞的存在对我们目前的黑洞形成和成长模型提出了挑战。”
Suh was the lead writer of the study detailing the findings in the scientific publication Nature Astronomy.
Suh是这项研究的主要作者，该研究在科学出版物《自然天文学》上详细阐述了这些发现。
The supermassive black hole LID-568 existed about 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang.
超大质量黑洞LID-568存在于大爆炸后约15亿年。
The Big Bang, the event that started the universe, took place around 13.8 billion years ago.
宇宙大爆炸是宇宙诞生的起点事件，发生在大约138亿年前。
LID-568 has a mass 10 million times greater than the sun, or two- and one-half times the mass of Sagittarius A*.
LID-568的质量是太阳的1000万倍，即人马座A*质量的2.5倍。
The researchers do not yet know the mass of its home galaxy.
研究人员尚不清楚其所在星系的质量。
The Webb telescope showed LID-568 gaining mass at a rate faster than scientists had thought possible.
韦伯望远镜显示，LID-568的增质速度超过了科学家此前认为可能的水平。
LID-568 appeared to be consuming infalling material - known as accretion - at more than 40 times the previously believed maximum for such activity.
LID-568似乎正在以超过此前认为的此类活动上限40多倍的速度吞噬下落物质——这一过程被称为吸积。
This maximum is known as the Eddington limit.
这个最大值被称为爱丁顿极限。
Exceeding the Eddington Limit
超过爱丁顿极限
Early black holes are thought to have started in one of two ways.
早期黑洞被认为是通过两种方式之一形成的。
They could have begun after the explosive death of the universe's first generation of stars or through the collapse of large clouds of gas present in the early universe.
它们可能始于宇宙第一代恒星爆炸性死亡之后，或者通过早期宇宙中存在的大片气体云的坍缩而形成。
The discovery of LID-568 suggests that a lot of mass growth can take place during one time, or episode, of rapid accretion, Suh suggested.
苏赫提出，LID-568的发现表明，在一次快速吸积过程中，或一个快速吸积阶段，可以发生大量的质量增长。
A good sign of a growing supermassive black hole is emission of X-rays, high-energy electromagnetic radiation with very short wavelengths.
一个正在成长的超大质量黑洞的良好迹象是X射线的发射，这是一种波长极短的高能电磁辐射。
Material moving around a supermassive black hole is superheated and glows strongly in X-ray wavelengths before disappearing in the black hole.
围绕超大质量黑洞运动的物质会被加热到极高温度，并在X射线波段发出强烈光芒，随后便消失在黑洞之中。
The researchers first spotted LID-568 using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory.
研究人员首次利用美国宇航局的钱德拉X射线天文台发现了LID-568。
They then studied it more closely with the Webb space telescope.
随后，他们利用韦伯太空望远镜对其进行了更深入的研究。
The Webb observations suggest the existence of a faster way for black holes to take in material.
韦布观测表明，黑洞吞噬物质可能存在更快的途径。
Suh described LID-568 as “remarkable.”
苏将LID-568描述为“非凡的”。
She added, "We don't know yet how LID-568 is able to exceed the Eddington limit. To investigate further, we need more data, so we are planning to conduct follow-up observations with Webb."
她补充道：“我们还不知道LID-568是如何能够超过爱丁顿极限的。为了进一步研究，我们需要更多数据，因此我们计划利用韦伯望远镜进行后续观测。”
I’m John Russell.
我是约翰·拉塞尔。
Will Dunham reported on this story for Reuters.
威尔·邓纳姆为路透社报道了此事。
John Russell adapted it for VOA Learning English.
约翰·拉塞尔为VOA英语学习频道改编了它。
