中国减轻对私人教培公司的压力
📖 逐句对照翻译
China is quietly easing regulations on private education companies as the government aims to support a slowing economy.
中国正悄然放宽对民办教育企业的监管，因为政府旨在支持放缓的经济。
Government officials have not announced a policy change.
政府官员尚未宣布政策变动。
But news reports say policymakers are now permitting the tutoring industry to grow.
但新闻报道称，政策制定者现在正允许辅导行业的发展。
Industry experts say the new efforts aim to support job creation.
业内专家表示，这些新的努力旨在支持创造就业机会。
Reuters News Agency recently spoke with people in the industry, parents in China and others.
路透社最近采访了业内人士、中国的父母和其他人。
Here is what Reuters reported:
以下是路透社的报道：
Starting in 2021, the government prohibited for-profit tutoring in main school subjects such as math and English.
从2021年起，政府禁止针对数学和英语等主要学科开展营利性课外辅导。
The reported aim was to reduce financial pressure on families.
报道中的目的是减轻家庭的经济压力。
It was also meant to create equal educational chances for both rich and poor families and to eliminate poor quality tutoring services.
其目的还在于为富裕家庭和贫困家庭创造平等的教育机会，并消除劣质的课外辅导服务。
The policy was known as the “double reduction.”
该政策被称为“双减”。
The crackdown cost the industry billions of dollars.
这场打击行动使该行业损失了数十亿美元。
It affected companies like New Oriental Education & Technology Group and TAL Education Group.
它影响了新东方教育科技集团和好未来教育集团等公司。
It also led to tens of thousands of job losses.
这也导致数万人失业。
Before the policy change, China's for-profit tutoring industry was valued at about $100 billion.
在政策变化之前，中国的营利性辅导行业估值约为1000亿美元。
The three biggest companies employed over 170,000 people.
三家最大的公司雇用了超过17万人。
During the crackdown, the industry did not disappear as parents continued to seek tutoring services for their children.
在整顿期间，该行业并未消失，因为家长们继续为孩子寻求辅导服务。
Many Chinese parents consider after-school tutoring services as a way for their children to gain an advantage in China’s competitive education system.
许多中国家长认为课外辅导服务是让孩子在中国竞争激烈的教育体系中占据优势的一种途径。
Michelle Lee is a parent based in southern China.
米歇尔·李是中国南方的一位家长。
Lee spends about $420 a month on after-school classes for her son and daughter.
李每月为儿子和女儿花约420美元上课后班。
These classes include mathematics tutoring and online lessons in English.
这些课程包括数学辅导和英语在线课程。
She told Reuters that in recent months tutoring schools had been operating more openly.
她告诉路透社，近几个月来，辅导机构运作得更加公开了。
After the government crackdown in 2021, the number of tutoring centers and the number of teachers employed by them fell.
2021年政府整顿后，辅导中心的數量及其雇用的教师人数均有所下降。
The industry is now coming back as policies ease.
随着政策放宽，该行业如今正在复苏。
The research company Plenum China said that active licenses for for-profit tutoring centers rose 11.4 percent between January and June.
研究公司普莱纳姆中国表示，今年1月至6月，营利性辅导中心的活跃许可证数量增加了11.4%。
Liu Xiya is a delegate to China's legislature and president of an education group based in the southwestern city of Chongqing.
刘希娅是中国立法机关的代表，也是总部位于西南城市重庆的一家教育集团的校长。
Liu told local media at a press conference in March that the government was dealing with problems in education policy.
刘在3月份的新闻发布会上对当地媒体表示，政府正在处理教育政策中的问题。
Lynn Song is an economist at ING. He said China was unlikely to admit that the crackdown "was a little too forceful" but that regulations would be loosened.
Lynn Song是荷兰国际集团的经济学家。他表示，中国不太可能承认这场打击行动“有点过于强力”，但监管将会放松。
He said, "The overall policy environment has changed from restrictive to supportive as the main goal now is stabilization.
他说：“整体政策环境已从限制性转向支持性，因为当前的主要目标是稳定。”
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A changing environment
不断变化的环境
Two business leaders who deal with government regulations at large tutoring companies recently spoke with Reuters.
两位在大型辅导公司负责应对政府监管的商业领袖最近接受了路透社的采访。
They said government moves to ease the crackdown had sped up in recent months.
他们说，近几个月来政府放松打压的步伐有所加快。
They noted a decision in August by the State Council, China's cabinet, to include education services in a 20-point plan to increase spending.
他们提到，中国国务院在8月决定将教育服务纳入一项包含20点内容的增加支出计划中。
This policy goal comes as more than 11 million university graduates entered China's employment market.
这一政策目标出台之际，超过1100万大学毕业生进入了中国的就业市场。
It also appeared to increase the stock value of publicly traded education companies.
这似乎还提高了上市教育公司的股票价值。
The decision in August followed guidelines from China's education ministry in February.
八月份的这一决定遵循了中国教育部二月份发布的指导方针。
These guidelines explained what kinds of after-school tutoring would now be permitted.
这些指导方针说明了现在将允许哪些类型的课后辅导。
Last year, the ministry published online a list of companies approved to provide tutoring in subjects that were not considered basic, or core subjects.
去年，该部门在网上公布了一份获准提供非基础学科或核心学科辅导的公司名单。
To get around the rules, tutoring centers would often rename classes.
为了规避这些规定，辅导中心常常会给课程改名。
For example, math classes were commonly called “logical thinking” classes.
例如，数学课通常被称为“逻辑思维”课。
A woman who ran an English tutoring school in the eastern province of Zhejiang said she laid off 60 percent of her workers following the crackdown.
在浙江省东部开办英语辅导学校的一位女士表示，在整顿之后她裁掉了60%的员工。
Lisa did not want to give her full name to Reuters.
丽莎不想向路透社透露她的全名。
But she said the school continued to teach science-related courses in English, without calling them English classes.
但她说，学校继续用英语教授科学相关课程，而没有把它们称为英语课。
Also, one-on-one tutoring did very well during the crackdown.
此外，一对一辅导在整顿期间表现很好。
Parents who could afford it paid for tutors to come to their homes.
负担得起的父母会请家教到家里来。
Some parents said this increases an academic gap, where students from rich families do better in school than poor families.
一些家长表示，这加大了学业差距，富裕家庭的学生在学校表现比贫困家庭的学生更好。
That worries parents like Yang Zengdong, a Shanghai-based mother of two.
这让杨增东这样的家长感到担忧，她是上海的两个孩子的母亲。
She said the policy presented families with the hard choice: either pay up to $112 per class for a private tutor or spend hours each day teaching the children themselves.
她说，该政策让许多家庭面临艰难选择：要么花高达每节课112美元请私人教师，要么每天花几个小时自己教孩子。
She said that if this continues, "…the academic gap between rich people and everyone else will get worse.
她说，如果这种情况持续下去，“……富人与其他人之间的学业差距将会越来越大。”
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Yang said, "That wasn't what the policy was meant to do, but that's the reality, so of course it needs to change."
杨说：“那不是政策的本意，但现实就是如此，所以当然需要改变。”
I’m Anna Matteo.
我是安娜·马特奥。
And I’m Mario Ritter Jr.
我是小马里奥·里特。
Casey Hall, Laurie Chen reported from Beijing, with additional reporting by Ellen Zhang from Shanghai for Reuters News Agency.
凯西·霍尔、劳里·陈自北京报道，艾伦·张自上海补充报道，供路透社使用。
Anna Matteo adapted it for VOA Learning English.
安娜·马特奥为VOA英语学习频道改编了此内容。
