开心果成为加州主要作物
📖 逐句对照翻译
In a large plant in the heart of California’s farmland, millions of pistachios are inspected, prepared and shipped off around the world.
在加利福尼亚农田腹地的一家大型工厂里，数百万颗开心果经过检查、加工，然后运往世界各地。
Pistachios, a kind of nut, have been around for over 3,000 years.
开心果作为一种坚果，已有超过3000年的历史。
First planted in central Asia, pistachios arrived in California in the 1850s along with thousands of people during the Gold Rush.
开心果最初种植于中亚，于19世纪50年代淘金热期间随成千上万的人一起来到加利福尼亚。
Since pistachios require little water, farmers have been using more land for the crops in California.
由于开心果需水量少，加州农民一直在将更多土地用于种植这种作物。
Pistachios brought in nearly $3 billion last year in the state.
去年，开心果在该州的销售额接近30亿美元。
And, in the past ten years, the United States has gone beyond Iran to become the world’s top exporter of the nut.
而且在过去十年里，美国已经超越伊朗，成为全球最大的开心果出口国。
“There has been an explosion over the last 10 or 15 years of plantings, and those trees are coming online,” said Zachary Fraser.
扎卡里·弗雷泽表示：“过去10到15年间，种植面积出现了爆炸式增长，而这些树木也即将进入产果期。”
He is president and chief executive of American Pistachio Growers, an organization that represents more than 800 farmers in the southwestern U.S. “You are starting to see the fruit of people’s vision from 40 years ago.”
他是美国开心果种植者协会的总裁兼首席执行官，该组织代表着美国西南部800多名农民。“人们40年前的愿景如今正在开花结果。”
California agricultural data shows that the state grows more than a third of vegetables and three-fourths of fruits and nuts in the U.S.
加州农业数据显示，该州种植了美国超过三分之一的蔬菜以及四分之三的水果和坚果。
Pistachios have increased over the past ten years to become California’s sixth-biggest agricultural product.
在过去十年里，开心果的产量不断增加，已成为加利福尼亚州第六大农产品。
The nuts have increased in value ahead of longtime crops such as strawberries and tomatoes, the data shows.
数据显示，坚果的增值幅度已超过草莓和番茄等长期作物。
Much of the pistachio crop is headed to China, where it is a popular treat during Lunar New Year.
大部分开心果都销往中国，在那里它是农历新年期间广受欢迎的零食。
But industry experts said Americans are also eating more pistachios.
但业内专家表示，美国人也在食用更多的开心果。
The nuts were rarely seen in food stores a generation ago and today are found almost everywhere.
这种坚果在一代人之前还很少在食品店里见到，如今几乎随处可见。
Pistachios are sold with or without shells.
开心果有带壳和不带壳两种销售方式。
Their flavors range from salt and pepper to honey-roasted.
它们的口味从椒盐到蜜烤，种类繁多。
The Wonderful Co., a $6 billion agricultural company, is the biggest name in pistachios.
价值60亿美元的农业公司The Wonderful Co.是开心果行业最知名的品牌。
The company has grown pistachios since the 1980s.
该公司自20世纪80年代以来一直种植开心果。
But it increased production in 2015 after developing a rootstock that produces as much as 40 percent more nuts with the same soil and water, said Rob Yraceburu, president of Wonderful Orchards.
但Wonderful Orchards总裁罗布·伊拉斯伯鲁表示，公司在2015年提高了产量，此前公司开发出一种砧木，在同样的土壤和水分条件下，能多产出40%的坚果。
Now, Wonderful grows between 15 percent and 20 percent of the U.S. pistachio crop, he said.
他说，如今“奇妙”品种占美国开心果作物的15%到20%。
“There is an increasingly growing demand in pistachios,” Yraceburu said.
Yraceburu说：“开心果的需求正在日益增长。”
“The world wants more.”
世界想要更多。
Pistachios weather dry times better
开心果更能适应干旱时期
Pistachios are set to weather California’s dry times better than the state’s even bigger nut crop, almonds.
开心果将比加州规模更大的坚果作物杏仁更能抵御该州的干旱时期。
Almonds produced nearly $4 billion in the state last year, industry experts said.
行业专家表示，去年该州杏仁产值接近40亿美元。
Pistachio orchards can survive with minimal water during drought, unlike almonds and other more sensitive crops.
开心果园在干旱期间只需极少的水就能存活，这一点与杏仁及其他更敏感的作物不同。
The trees also use wind instead of bees for pollination and can produce nuts for many years longer, Yraceburu said.
伊拉斯布鲁说，这些树木还借助风而非蜜蜂来授粉，并且产果期比普通品种长很多年。
Many California farmers who grow pistachios and almonds are using lessons learned from almond farming.
许多种植开心果和杏仁的加州农民正在运用从杏仁种植中获得的经验。
Almond production, which is much bigger than pistachio, also increased quickly in California.
加州的杏仁产量也迅速增长，其规模远大于开心果。
But prices fell amid a large amount of post-pandemic supply.
但价格在大量疫情后供应的影响下下跌。
At the same time, farmers faced a time of too little water and rising input costs.
与此同时，农民也面临着水资源严重短缺和投入成本不断上升的困境。
As a result, some farmers did not replant aging orchards when it came time to take them out.
结果，一些农民在老化果园该被移除时并没有重新种植。
Pistachio growers say they hope to avoid a similar outcome and are working to keep demand for the nut ahead of supply.
开心果种植者表示，他们希望避免类似的结果，并正在努力使这种坚果的需求领先于供应。
For example, American Pistachio Growers recently signed a deal with a top cricket player in India hoping to help promote pistachios there, Fraser said.
弗雷泽说，例如，美国开心果种植者协会最近与印度一位顶级板球运动员签署了一项协议，希望帮助在印度推广开心果。
The rise of pistachios is part of California farmers’ move into perennial crops, commanding higher returns than products such as cotton.
开心果的兴起是加州农民转向多年生作物的一部分，这些作物的回报高于棉花等产品。
Perennial crops, which are not replanted every year, cannot just be changed out during dry years.
多年生作物不需要每年重新种植，因此无法在干旱年份随意更换品种。
As a result, they can be difficult during long periods with too little water, said Brad Franklin of the Public Policy Institute of California.
加州公共政策研究所的布拉德·富兰克林表示，因此，在缺水时间过长的情况下，它们可能会很难熬。
But pistachios have benefits that other perennial crops do not have.
但开心果具有其他多年生作物所没有的益处。
They can go longer without water and grow in salty soils.
它们可以更长时间不喝水，并能在盐碱土壤中生长。
That may make them appealing to California farmers who are facing limits on how much groundwater they can use under a new state law, he said.
他说，这可能会吸引加利福尼亚州的农民，因为根据该州一项新法律，他们可使用的地下水数量面临限制。
I’m John Russell.
我是约翰·拉塞尔。
Amy Taxin reported on this story for the Associated Press.
艾米·塔克辛为美联社报道了此事。
John Russell adapted it for VOA Learning English.
约翰·拉塞尔为VOA英语学习频道改编了它。
