美国新膳食指南：少吃肉，多吃豆类
📖 逐句对照翻译
From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
这里是VOA慢速英语的健康与生活方式报道。
For a healthy diet, people should eat more beans, peas and lentils.
为了健康饮食，人们应该多吃豆类、豌豆和扁豆。
They should eat less red meat and processed meats, as well as starchy vegetables, like potatoes.
他们应该少吃红肉和加工肉类，以及土豆等淀粉类蔬菜。
Also, they should continue to limit added sugars, sodium and saturated fat, an especially unhealthy kind of fat.
此外，他们还应继续限制添加糖、钠和饱和脂肪的摄入，饱和脂肪是一种尤其不健康的脂肪。
That is the latest advice released on December 10 by a panel of nutrition experts.
这是营养专家小组于12月10日发布的最新建议。
This panel of experts is responsible for advising the U.S. government about the 2025 dietary guidelines.
该专家小组负责就2025年膳食指南向美国政府提供建议。
These guidelines will inform and shape federal food programs and policy.
这些指导方针将为联邦食品项目和政策的制定提供信息和依据。
But the 20-member panel did not advise on ultra-processed foods that some research findings link to health problems.
但这个由20名成员组成的小组并未就一些研究认为与健康问题有关的超加工食品提出建议。
The panel says there is not enough evidence to tell people to avoid them.
专家组表示，目前没有足够证据建议人们避免使用它们。
And the group did not speak to possibly updating controversial guidance on drinking alcohol.
该组织也未提及可能更新有关饮酒的有争议指导意见。
They are leaving that issue to two independent reports expected to be released soon.
他们把这个问题留给预计很快发布的两份独立报告来处理。
Overall, the recommendations for the 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans sound familiar, said Marion Nestle.
总的来说，马里昂·内斯特尔表示，2025-2030年《美国居民膳食指南》的建议听起来很耳熟。
She is a food policy expert.
她是一位食品政策专家。
“This looks like every other set of dietary guidelines since 1980: eat your veggies and reduce consumption of foods high in salt, sugar and saturated fat,” she said in an email.
“这看起来和1980年以来的每一套膳食指南都一样：多吃蔬菜，少吃高盐、高糖和高饱和脂肪的食物，”她在一封电子邮件中说。
She also said the latest advice “says nothing about balancing calories, when overconsumption of calories, especially from ultra-processed foods, is the biggest challenge to the health of Americans.”
她还表示，最新建议“完全没有提到平衡卡路里的问题，而卡路里摄入过量——尤其是来自超加工食品的卡路里——正是美国人健康面临的最大挑战。”
What the scientific panel said about healthy diets
科学小组对健康饮食的看法
The nutrition panel described a healthy diet for people beginning at two years old.
营养标签描述了适合两岁及以上人群的健康饮食。
It is high in vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains, fish and vegetable oils that are higher in unsaturated fat.
它富含蔬菜、水果、豆类、坚果、全谷物、鱼类和不饱和脂肪含量较高的植物油。
The recommended diet is lower in red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened food and drink, refined grains and saturated fat.
建议的饮食应减少红肉和加工肉类、含糖食品和饮料、精制谷物以及饱和脂肪的摄入。
It may also include fat-free or low-fat dairy and foods lower in sodium and may include plant-based foods.
它还可能包括无脂或低脂乳制品以及钠含量较低的食物，并可能包括植物性食物。
This panel worked on the guidelines for almost two years.
这个专家小组花了近两年的时间制定这些指导方针。
It was the first to consider dietary needs based on financial situation, race, ethnicity and culture.
这是第一个根据财务状况、种族、民族和文化来考虑饮食需求的项目。
Panelist Fatima Cody Stanford is an obesity expert and doctor at Massachusetts General Hospital.
小组成员法蒂玛·科迪·斯坦福是马萨诸塞州总医院的肥胖症专家和医生。
In an email, she said that considering these new elements will help make sure that the guidance “...reflects and includes various population groups.
在一封电子邮件中，她表示，考虑这些新要素将有助于确保该指南“……反映并涵盖各类人群。”
"
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Missing from the guidelines
指南中缺失
The panel did not advise on two controversial food groups: ultra-processed foods or alcohol.
该专家组未就两个有争议的食品类别提出建议：超加工食品或酒精。
Ultra-processed foods make up about 60 percent of the American diet.
超加工食品约占美国饮食的60%。
The panel considered more than 40 studies.
专家组审议了40多项研究。
Several of them showed links between ultra-processed foods and being overweight or obesity.
其中几项研究显示了超加工食品与超重或肥胖之间的关联。
But the nutrition experts had concerns with the quality of the research.
但营养专家对这项研究的质量表示担忧。
So, they said the evidence was too limited to make recommendations.
因此，他们表示证据有限，无法提出建议。
The panel also did not change recommendations about alcohol.
该小组也没有改变关于酒精的建议。
The current guidelines are two drinks or less a day for men and one drink or less a day for women.
目前的指导方针是男性每天饮酒不超过两杯，女性每天不超过一杯。
The last time the guidance was updated was in 2020.
该指南上一次更新是在2020年。
At that time, the government rejected the advice of scientific advisers to recommend less alcohol consumption.
当时，政府拒绝了科学顾问提出的建议，即建议减少酒精消费。
Two separate government groups expect to release reports in the coming months on the effects of moderate alcohol use to inform the guidelines.
两个不同的政府小组预计将在未来几个月内发布关于适度饮酒影响的报告，为指南提供依据。
Do Americans follow dietary guidelines?
美国人遵循膳食指南吗？
The advisory panel said they know that the diets of most Americans do not meet the current guidelines.
顾问小组表示，他们知道大多数美国人的饮食不符合现行指南。
More than half of all adults in the country have one or more diet-related chronic health condition.
该国超过半数的成年人患有一种或多种与饮食相关的慢性健康问题。
And 18 million individuals and families have insecure sources of food, the report says.
报告称，还有1800万个人和家庭的食物来源没有保障。
The report adds that “…nutrition-related chronic health conditions” will continue “to threaten health through the lifespan.”
报告补充说，“……与营养相关的慢性健康问题”将继续“威胁整个生命周期的健康”。
It adds that this is not good “for the future of health in the United States.”
报告还指出，这对“美国健康的未来”不利。
What happens next?
接下来会发生什么？
The scientific report informs the dietary guidelines which are updated every five years.
这份科学报告为每五年更新一次的膳食指南提供了依据。
These new recommendations now go to the U.S. Health & Human Services (or HHS) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (or USDA).
这些新建议现已提交给美国卫生与公众服务部（HHS）和美国农业部（USDA）。
Officials there will create the final guidance and release it next year.
那里的官员将制定最终指导意见，并于明年发布。
As of December 11, the public has 60 days to comment on the guidance.
截至12月11日，公众有60天的时间对该指南提出意见。
HHS and USDA officials will hold a public meeting on January 16 to discuss the recommendations.
HHS和USDA官员将于1月16日举行公开会议，讨论这些建议。
And that’s the Health & Lifestyle report.
这就是健康与生活方式报告。
I’m Anna Matteo.
我是安娜·马特奥。
JoNel Aleccia reported this story for the Associated Press.
乔内尔·阿莱西亚为美联社报道了这则新闻。
Anna Matteo adapted it for VOA Learning English.
安娜·马特奥为VOA英语学习频道改编了此内容。
