种类和类型
📖 逐句对照翻译
Hello!
你好！
This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from Ann in Vietnam about four words that help describe what group something belongs to.
本周的《问老师》节目中，我们回答来自越南的安提出的问题，关于四个有助于描述某物所属群体的词汇。
Question
问题
Dear Teacher,
亲爱的老师，
What are [the] differences among species, kinds, types, and genres?
物种、种类、类型和体裁之间有何区别？
Which case [is] each word used for?
每个单词用于哪种情况？
Thank you,
谢谢，
Answer
回答
I’m happy to answer this question, Ann.
我很乐意回答这个问题，安。
We can use each of the words you ask about to describe what category something belongs in.
我们可以用你问到的每个词来描述某事物所属的类别。
A category is a group of things that share similar qualities.
类别是一组具有相似特征的事物。
For example, apples, bananas, and oranges all belong in the same category, which is fruit.
例如，苹果、香蕉和橙子都属于同一类别，即水果。
Kind and type
种类和类型
The words “kind” and “type” are synonyms.
“kind”和“type”这两个词是同义词。
That means they each share the same meaning.
这意味着它们各自有着相同的含义。
And they have the most general meaning of the four words you ask about.
而且在你所问的这四个词中，它们具有最普遍的意义。
A “kind” or a “type” is a group that shares things in common.
“种类”或“类型”是指具有共同特征的一组事物。
For example:
例如：
Electric cars are one kind of car, while gasoline-powered cars are another type (or kind) of car.
电动汽车是一种汽车，而汽油动力汽车则是另一种类型的汽车。
Notice that we commonly put the preposition “of” after the words “kind” or “type.”
注意，我们通常将介词“of”放在单词“kind”或“type”之后。
The phrases “a kind of” and “a type of” are both very common in spoken English.
短语“a kind of”和“a type of”在英语口语中都非常常见。
We use the phrase “a kind of” more often than we use the phrase “a type of.”
我们使用“a kind of”这个短语的频率比使用“a type of”更高。
Species and genre
物种与体裁
The two words “species” and “genre” are more specific than the two words “kind” and “type.”
“species”和“genre”这两个词比“kind”和“type”这两个词更具体。
We use the word “species” to categorize living things.
我们用“物种”一词来对生物进行分类。
For example:
例如：
Elephants, cats, dogs, and mice are different species of animals.
大象、猫、狗和老鼠是不同种类的动物。
Roses and lilies are different species of flowers.
玫瑰和百合是不同种类的花。
Each species has a Latin scientific name.
每个物种都有一个拉丁文学名。
For example, the name of the species for human beings is Homo sapiens.
例如，人类的物种名称是智人。
The word “genre” comes from the Latin word “genus,” which means “group.”
“genre”一词源自拉丁语“genus”，意为“组”。
We use “genre” to categorize styles of creative works.
我们用“体裁”来对创作作品的风格进行分类。
For example, music has many genres, such as rock, hip-hop, classical, and jazz.
例如，音乐有许多流派，如摇滚、嘻哈、古典和爵士。
Genres of painting include Impressionism and Cubism.
绘画的流派包括印象派和立体派。
Likewise, film, dance, photography, literature, and theater each have their own genres.
同样地，电影、舞蹈、摄影、文学和戏剧也各有其独特的类型。
The word “genre” is more formal than “kind of.”
“genre”一词比“kind of”更为正式。
So, in everyday discussions, we might ask someone:
所以，在日常讨论中，我们可能会问某人：
What kind of movies do you like?
你喜欢什么样的电影？
However, in writing or more formal discussions, we might use the word “genre.”
然而，在写作或更正式的讨论中，我们可能会使用“体裁”这个词。
For our readers and listeners, what are your favorite genres of creative works?
对于我们的读者和听众来说，你们最喜欢哪种类型的创意作品？
And what are your questions about American English?
你对美式英语有什么疑问？
We want to hear from you!
我们期待您的来信！
Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com.
请发送电子邮件至learningenglish@voanews.com。
And please let us know where you are from, too.
也请告诉我们你来自哪里。
And that’s Ask a Teacher.
以上就是“问老师”栏目的全部内容。
I’m Andrew Smith.
我是安德鲁·史密斯。
Andrew Smith wrote this lesson for VOA Learning English.
安德鲁·史密斯为VOA英语学习频道撰写了这节课。
