禽流感疫情有多严重？
📖 逐句对照翻译
California officials have declared a state of emergency over the spread of bird flu.
加利福尼亚州官员因禽流感蔓延宣布进入紧急状态。
It is affecting milk cows in that state and causing illnesses in some people in other U.S. states.
它正在影响该州的奶牛，并在美国其他州导致一些人患病。
The avian influenza virus, or bird flu, has spread among wild birds, farm birds and many mammal species.
禽流感病毒，即禽流感，已在野生鸟类、农场禽类及多种哺乳动物中传播。
The virus is known as Type A H5N1.
该病毒被称为甲型H5N1。
It was identified for the first time in U.S. milk cows in March.
这是三月份在美国奶牛中首次发现的。
Since then, bird flu has been found in about one third of U.S. states.
自那以后，美国大约三分之一的州都发现了禽流感。
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is following the number of cases and is reporting the latest details on its website.
美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）正在追踪病例数量，并在其网站上报告最新详情。
Most of the illnesses have been mild.
大多数疾病都是轻微的。
Health officials said that one person in Louisiana was hospitalized with the nation's first known severe illness caused by the virus.
卫生官员表示，路易斯安那州有一人因感染该病毒而住院，这是全国已知的首例由该病毒引起的严重疾病。
California Governor Gavin Newsom said he declared the state of emergency so state workers could take faster action.
加利福尼亚州州长加文·纽瑟姆表示，他宣布进入紧急状态是为了让州政府工作人员能够更快采取行动。
California officials have been testing milk tanks.
加利福尼亚州的官员一直在对牛奶罐进行检测。
They said they have found the virus in hundreds of herds.
他们说已在数百个畜群中发现了这种病毒。
The virus was recently found in Southern California dairy farms.
该病毒最近在加利福尼亚州南部的奶牛场被发现。
It was found in the state's Central Valley in August.
它是八月份在该州中央谷地被发现的。
What is the risk to the general public?
普通公众面临的风险是什么？
Officials with the CDC repeated that the public has a low risk of getting the virus.
CDC官员重申，公众感染该病毒的风险较低。
There are no reports of person-to-person infection and no signs that the virus has changed to spread easily among humans.
没有关于人际感染的报告，也没有迹象表明该病毒已变异为易于在人群中传播。
Flu experts say it is too soon to know how the situation will change.
流感专家表示，现在判断情况会如何变化还为时过早。
But some experts are worried because flu viruses are mutating all the time and small genetic changes could take place.
但一些专家对此感到担忧，因为流感病毒始终在变异，可能会发生微小的基因变化。
Are cases becoming more serious?
病例是否变得更加严重？
Health officials said the first known case of severe illness in the U.S. was found in a patient in Louisiana.
卫生官员表示，美国首例已知的严重病例是在路易斯安那州的一名患者身上发现的。
The person is older than 65 and has other medical problems.
该人年龄超过65岁，并伴有其他健康问题。
Officials said the person showed severe breathing problems after being near a group of sick birds.
官员们表示，此人在接触过一群病鸟后出现了严重的呼吸问题。
The CDC said that the Louisiana case is the first confirmed U.S. infection connected with backyard birds, or birds kept near a home.
美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，路易斯安那州的病例是美国首例与后院鸟类或居家附近饲养的鸟类有关的确诊病例。
Almost all the earlier infections in the U.S. have been in farmworkers dealing with infected dairy cattle or birds.
美国此前几乎所有的感染病例都发生在与受感染奶牛或禽类打交道的农场工人中。
In two cases — an adult in Missouri and a child in California — health officials have not learned how they became infected.
在两起病例中——密苏里州的一名成人和加利福尼亚州的一名儿童——卫生官员尚未查明他们是如何感染的。
Angela Rasmussen is a virus expert at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada.
安吉拉·拉斯穆森是加拿大萨斯喀彻温大学的病毒专家。
She said as more people become infected, more severe illnesses will be reported.
她说，随着更多人被感染，将会报告更多重症病例。
Rasmussen said, "I assume that every H5N1 virus has the potential to be very severe and deadly."
拉斯穆森说：“我认为每一种H5N1病毒都可能非常严重且致命。”
The World Health Organization says on its website that from 2003 to November 2024 about 142 people died from the H5N1 virus around the world.
世界卫生组织在其网站上表示，从2003年到2024年11月，全球约有142人死于H5N1病毒。
Most of the deaths were in Southeast Asia.
大多数死亡发生在东南亚。
How can people protect themselves?
人们如何保护自己？
People who have contact with dairy cows, commercial poultry or with backyard birds are at higher risk than other people.
与奶牛、商业家禽或后院鸟类有接触的人比其他人的风险更高。
CDC and other experts said those people should use breathing, eye, and hand protection, especially if the animals appear ill or if they die.
疾控中心和其他专家表示，这些人应使用呼吸、眼部和手部防护装备，尤其是在动物看起来生病或死亡的情况下。
The CDC said in July that it would buy $5 million in vaccines for farmworkers to protect against seasonal flu.
美国疾控中心7月表示，将购买价值500万美元的疫苗，为农场工人提供季节性流感的防护。
If someone becomes infected with two flu types at the same time, it might permit the bird flu virus to mutate and to become more dangerous.
如果某人同时感染两种流感，这可能会让禽流感病毒发生变异，变得更加危险。
How else is bird flu spread?
禽流感还有哪些传播途径？
The H5N1 virus can also be spread in raw, or unpasteurized, milk.
H5N1病毒还可以通过未经加工或未经巴氏消毒的牛奶传播。
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says pasteurized milk is safe to drink because the heat treatment kills the virus.
美国食品药品监督管理局表示，经过巴氏杀菌的牛奶可以安全饮用，因为热处理过程能杀死病毒。
But high levels of the virus have been found in unpasteurized milk.
但在未经巴氏消毒的牛奶中发现了高水平的病毒。
Health officials urge people to avoid drinking raw milk.
卫生官员敦促人们避免饮用生牛奶。
It can spread other germs in addition to bird flu.
它除了传播禽流感外，还能传播其他病菌。
The U.S. Agriculture Department has increased its testing of raw milk across the country to identify and contain avian flu.
美国农业部已加大在全国范围内对生牛奶的检测力度，以识别和控制禽流感。
Federal officials ordered milk testing which began this month in 13 states.
联邦官员下令进行牛奶检测，该检测已于本月在13个州启动。
I’m Anna Matteo.
我是安娜·马特奥。
Jonel Aleccia reported this story for the Associated Press.
乔内尔·阿莱西亚为美联社报道了这一故事。
Jill Robbins adapted it for Learning English.
吉尔·罗宾斯为《学习英语》改编了它。
